1278

1278 (MCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1278th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 278th year of the 2nd millennium, the 78th year of the 13th century, and the 9th year of the 1270s decade. As of the start of 1278, the Gregorian calendar was 7 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	12th century – 13th century – 14th century
Decades:	1240s  1250s  1260s  – 1270s –  1280s  1290s  1300s
Years:	1275 1276 1277 – 1278 – 1279 1280 1281

1278 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1278 MCCLXXVIII
Ab urbe condita	2031
Armenian calendar	727 ԹՎ ՉԻԷ
Assyrian calendar	6028
Balinese saka calendar	1199–1200
Bengali calendar	685
Berber calendar	2228
English Regnal year	6 Edw. 1 – 7 Edw. 1
Buddhist calendar	1822
Burmese calendar	640
Byzantine calendar	6786–6787
Chinese calendar	丁丑年 (Fire Ox) 3974 or 3914     — to — 戊寅年 (Earth Tiger) 3975 or 3915
Coptic calendar	994–995
Discordian calendar	2444
Ethiopian calendar	1270–1271
Hebrew calendar	5038–5039
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1334–1335
- Shaka Samvat	1199–1200
- Kali Yuga	4378–4379
Holocene calendar	11278
Igbo calendar	278–279
Iranian calendar	656–657
Islamic calendar	676–677
Japanese calendar	Kenji 4 / Kōan 1 (弘安元年)
Javanese calendar	1188–1189
Julian calendar	1278 MCCLXXVIII
Korean calendar	3611
Minguo calendar	634 before ROC 民前634年
Nanakshahi calendar	−190
Thai solar calendar	1820–1821
Tibetan calendar	阴火牛年 (female Fire-Ox) 1404 or 1023 or 251     — to — 阳土虎年 (male Earth-Tiger) 1405 or 1024 or 252

Events

• August 26 – Kings Rudolph I of Germany and Ladislaus IV of Hungary defeat King Otakar II of Bohemia in the Battle of Marchfield, a match of over 80,000 men and the largest battle of knights in the Middle Ages. The battle ends a power struggle between Rudolph and Otakar over the fate of central Europe, and Rudolph's Habsburg family will continue to rule Austria and other captured territories until the end of World War I in 1918.
• The independence, boundaries, and political structure of Andorra are agreed to by the Spanish Bishop of Urgell and the French Count of Foix.
• The earliest known written copy of the Avesta, a collection of ancient sacred Persian Zoroastrian texts previously passed down orally, is produced.
• An edict by Pope Nicholas III requires all Jews to attend conversion sermons.
• The Japanese era Kenji ends, and the Koan era begins.