Template:Infobox selenium

Selenium, ₃₄Se

Selenium
Pronunciation	/sɪˈliːniəm/ ​(sə-LEE-nee-əm)
Appearance	grey metallic-looking, red, and vitreous black (not pictured) allotropes
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Se)
	78.971(8)[1]
Selenium in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson S ↑ Se ↓ Te arsenic ← selenium → bromine
Atomic number (Z)	34
Group	group 16 (chalcogens)
Period	period 4
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 6
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	494 K ​(221 °C, ​430 °F)
Boiling point	958 K ​(685 °C, ​1265 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	gray: 4.81 g/cm3 alpha: 4.39 g/cm3 vitreous: 4.28 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	3.99 g/cm3
Critical point	1766 K, 27.2 MPa
Heat of fusion	gray: 6.69 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	95.48 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.363 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 500 552 617 704 813 958
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−2, −1, 0,[2] +1,[3] +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.55
Ionization energies	1st: 941.0 kJ/mol 2nd: 2045 kJ/mol 3rd: 2973.7 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 120 pm
Covalent radius	120±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	190 pm
Spectral lines of selenium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​trigonal
Speed of sound thin rod	3350 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	amorphous: 37 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	amorphous: 0.519 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic[4]
Molar magnetic susceptibility	−25.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[5]
Young's modulus	10 GPa
Shear modulus	3.7 GPa
Bulk modulus	8.3 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.33
Mohs hardness	2.0
Brinell hardness	736 MPa
CAS Number	7782-49-2
History
Naming	after Selene, Greek goddess of the moon
Discovery and first isolation	Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Johann Gottlieb Gahn (1817)
Isotopes of selenium v e
Main isotopes[6] Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 72Se synth 8.4 d ε 72As γ – 74Se 0.860% stable 75Se synth 119.8 d ε 75As γ – 76Se 9.23% stable 77Se 7.60% stable 78Se 23.7% stable 79Se trace 3.27×105 y β− 79Br 80Se 49.8% stable 82Se 8.82% 1.08×1020 y β−β− 82Kr
Category: Selenium view talk edit | references

PTSelenium

As ← i'box As	iso 34Se (E) infobox (E) isobox	→ Br i'box Br
Commons  Wikidata:Q876  Wiktionary Indexes in PT: § below · Page
v e

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view edit
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)	view edit
Top image (caption, alt)	view edit
Pronunciation	view edit
Allotropes (overview)	view edit
Group (overview)	view edit
Period (overview)	view edit
Block (overview)	view edit
Natural occurrence	view edit
Phase at STP	view edit
Oxidation states	view edit
Spectral lines image	view edit
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)	view edit
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight	view edit
most stable isotope	view edit
Wikidata
Wikidata *	view edit
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (11) · (this table: v )

Parameters

In general

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Central data values

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Parameter naming patterns

Most parameters have a ... ref that allows for references. This reference is added right after the unit.

ionization energy ref

Parameters with a .. comment suffix are added to the end of a data line, with a space added. Comments are reproduced without formatting additions (no brackets, no italics, ...):

ionization energy comment

Numbered values make a list:

ionization energy

ionization energy 2

ionization energy 3

Parameter list

This parameter list:  view edit See also: Infobox element/testcases-all-params demo. {{Infobox element |name= |symbol= |number= <!-- image --> |image name= |image upright= |spectral image=<!-- central data list --> <!-- General properties --> |pronounce=<!-- central data list --> |alt name= |alt names= |allotropes= |appearance= |standard atomic weight=<!-- central data list --> <!-- Periodic table --> |above= |below= |left= |right= |category ref= |category comment= |category color= |group= |group ref= |group comment= |period= |period ref= |period comment= |block= |block ref= |block comment= |electron configuration= |electron configuration ref= |electron configuration comment= |electrons per shell= |electrons per shell ref= |electrons per shell comment= <!-- Physical properties --> |physical properties comment= |color= |phase= |phase ref= |phase comment= |melting point K= |melting point C= |melting point F= |melting point ref= |melting point comment= |boiling point K= |boiling point C= |boiling point F= |boiling point ref= |boiling point comment= |sublimation point K= |sublimation point C= |sublimation point F= |sublimation point ref= |sublimation point comment= |density gplstp= |density gplstp ref= |density gplstp comment= |density kgpm3stp= |density kgpm3stp ref= |density kgpm3stp comment= |density gpcm3nrt= |density gpcm3nrt ref= |density gpcm3nrt comment= |density gpcm3nrt 2= |density gpcm3nrt 2 ref= |density gpcm3nrt 2 comment= |density gpcm3nrt 3= |density gpcm3nrt 3 ref= |density gpcm3nrt 3 comment= |density gpcm3mp= |density gpcm3mp ref= |density gpcm3mp comment= |density gpcm3bp= |density gpcm3bp ref= |density gpcm3bp comment= |molar volume= |molar volume unit = |molar volume ref= |molar volume comment= |triple point K= |triple point kPa= |triple point ref= |triple point comment= |triple point K 2= |triple point kPa 2= |triple point 2 ref= |triple point 2 comment= |critical point K= |critical point MPa= |critical point ref= |critical point comment= |heat fusion= |heat fusion ref= |heat fusion comment= |heat fusion 2= |heat fusion 2 ref= |heat fusion 2 comment= |heat vaporization= |heat vaporization ref= |heat vaporization comment= |heat capacity= |heat capacity ref= |heat capacity comment= |heat capacity 2= |heat capacity 2 ref= |heat capacity 2 comment= |vapor pressure 1= |vapor pressure 10= |vapor pressure 100= |vapor pressure 1 k= |vapor pressure 10 k= |vapor pressure 100 k= |vapor pressure ref= |vapor pressure comment= |vapor pressure 1 2= |vapor pressure 10 2= |vapor pressure 100 2= |vapor pressure 1 k 2= |vapor pressure 10 k 2= |vapor pressure 100 k 2= |vapor pressure 2 ref= |vapor pressure 2 comment= <!-- Atomic properties --> |atomic properties comment= |electronegativity= |electronegativity ref= |electronegativity comment= |ionization energy 1= |ionization energy 1 ref= |ionization energy 1 comment= |ionization energy 2= |ionization energy 2 ref= |ionization energy 2 comment= |ionization energy 3= |ionization energy 3 ref= |ionization energy 3 comment= |number of ionization energies= |ionization energy ref= |ionization energy comment= |atomic radius= |atomic radius ref= |atomic radius comment= |atomic radius calculated= |atomic radius calculated ref= |atomic radius calculated comment= |covalent radius= |covalent radius ref= |covalent radius comment= |Van der Waals radius= |Van der Waals radius ref= |Van der Waals radius comment= <!-- Miscellanea --> |crystal structure= |crystal structure prefix= |crystal structure ref= |crystal structure comment= |crystal structure 2= |crystal structure 2 prefix= |crystal structure 2 ref= |crystal structure 2 comment= |speed of sound= |speed of sound ref= |speed of sound comment= |speed of sound rod at 20= |speed of sound rod at 20 ref= |speed of sound rod at 20 comment= |speed of sound rod at r.t.= |speed of sound rod at r.t. ref= |speed of sound rod at r.t. comment= |thermal expansion= |thermal expansion ref= |thermal expansion comment= |thermal expansion at 25= |thermal expansion at 25 ref= |thermal expansion at 25 comment= |thermal conductivity= |thermal conductivity ref= |thermal conductivity comment= |thermal conductivity 2= |thermal conductivity 2 ref= |thermal conductivity 2 comment= |thermal diffusivity= |thermal diffusivity ref= |thermal diffusivity comment= |electrical resistivity= |electrical resistivity unit prefix= |electrical resistivity ref= |electrical resistivity comment= |electrical resistivity at 0= |electrical resistivity at 0 ref= |electrical resistivity at 0 comment= |electrical resistivity at 20= |electrical resistivity at 20 ref= |electrical resistivity at 20 comment= |band gap= |band gap ref= |band gap comment= |Curie point K= |Curie point ref= |Curie point comment= |magnetic ordering= |magnetic ordering ref= |magnetic ordering comment= |tensile strength= |tensile strength ref= |tensile strength comment= |Young's modulus= |Young's modulus ref= |Young's modulus comment= |Shear modulus= |Shear modulus ref= |Shear modulus comment= |Bulk modulus= |Bulk modulus ref= |Bulk modulus comment= |Poisson ratio= |Poisson ratio ref= |Poisson ratio comment= |Mohs hardness= |Mohs hardness ref= |Mohs hardness comment= |Mohs hardness 2= |Mohs hardness 2 ref= |Mohs hardness 2 comment= |Vickers hardness= |Vickers hardness ref= |Vickers hardness comment= |Brinell hardness= |Brinell hardness ref= |Brinell hardness comment= |CAS number= |CAS number ref= |CAS number comment= <!-- History --> |naming= |predicted by= |prediction date ref= |prediction date= |discovered by= |discovery date ref= |discovery date= |first isolation by= |first isolation date ref= |first isolation date= |discovery and first isolation by= |named by= |named date ref= |named date= |history comment label= |history comment= <!-- Isotopes not here --> <!-- other --> |engvar= |QID= }} <span class="nowrap">{{</span>[[Template:Infobox element|Infobox element]]<span class="nowrap">}}</span>; labels & notes:   (Image)       GENERAL PROPERTIES Name [[Chemical symbol|Symbol]] Pronunciation (data central)   Alternative name(s)   [[Allotropy|Allotropes]] Appearance <element> IN THE PERIODIC TABLE [[Periodic table]]       [[Atomic number]] [[Atomic weight|Standard atomic weight]] (data central)   [[Names for sets of chemical elements|Element category]] (also header bg color)     (sets header bg color, over 'series='-color) [[Group (periodic table)|Group]]     [[Period (periodic table)|Period]]     [[Block (periodic table)|Block]]     [[Electron configuration]]     Electrons per shell     PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (general note) Color [[Phase (matter)|Phase]]     [[Melting point]]         [[Boiling point]]         [[Sublimation point]]         [[Density]] [g/L at s.t.p.]     [[Density]] [kg/m3 at s.t.p.]     Density [g/cm3 near room temperature]      [g/cm3 near r.t.], #2      [g/cm3 near r.t.], #3     Density (liquid, melting point) [g/cm3]     Density (liquid, boiling point) [g/cm3]     [[Molar volume]] Unit defaults to cm3/mol  otherwise set unit prefix=d for dm3/mol (gases)   [[Triple point]]               [[Critical point (thermodynamics)|Critical point]]       [[Enthalpy of fusion|Heat of fusion]]           [[Enthalpy of vaporization|Heat of vaporization]]     [[Molar heat capacity]]           [[Vapor pressure]]               Vapor pressure               ATOMIC PROPERTIES [[Electronegativity]]     [[Ionization energy]]                       [[Atomic radius]]           [[Covalent radius]]     [[Van der Waals radius]]     MISCELLANEA [[Crystal structure]]       Crystal structure       [[Speed of sound]]                 [[Coefficient of thermal expansion|Thermal expansion]]           [[Thermal conductivity]]           [[Thermal diffusivity]]     [[Electrical resistivity and conductivity|Electrical resistivity]]                   [[Band gap]]     [[Curie temperature|Curie point]]     [[Magnetism|Magnetic ordering]]     [[Ultimate tensile strength|Tensile strength]]     [[Young's modulus]]     [[Shear modulus]]     [[Bulk modulus]]     [[Poisson's ratio|Poisson ratio]]     [[Mohs scale of mineral hardness|Mohs hardness]]           [[Vickers hardness test|Vickers hardness]]     [[Brinell hardness test|Brinell hardness]]     [[CAS registry number|CAS Number]]     HISTORY Naming Prediction   () [[Timeline of chemical element discoveries|Discovery]]   () First isolation   () Discovery and first isolation (1 or 2 dates) Named by   ()   (History comment)   ([[WP:ENGVAR|wp:engvar]])