People's Party (Spain)

The People's Party^[11] (Spanish: Partido Popular [paɾˈtiðo popuˈlaɾ] (listen); known mostly by its acronym, PP [peˈpe]) is a conservative^[1][2] and Christian-democratic^[2][6] political party in Spain.

People's Party Partido Popular
Founded	20 January 1989 (1989-01-20)
Ideology	Conservatism[1][2] Spanish nationalism[3] Liberal conservatism[4][5][2] Christian democracy[2][6][7]
Political position	Centre-right[8][9] to right-wing[10]

The People's Party was founded in 1989 from the People's Alliance (AP). This party was created as a more centre-right party instead of a far-right party.^[2]

References

1. Ersson, Svante; Lane, Jan-Erik (1998). Politics and Society in Western Europe (4th ed.). SAGE. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-7619-5862-8. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
2. Hloušek, Vít; Kopeček, Lubomír (2010). Origin, Ideology and Transformation of Political Parties: East-Central and Western Europe Compared. Ashgate. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-7546-7840-3. From its original emphasis on a 'united and Catholic Spain', in the 1980s and 1990s it gradually evolved under the leadership of José Maria Aznar into a pragmatically-oriented conservative formation, with Christian democratic and, even more strongly, economically liberal elements.
3. Resende, Madalena Meyer (3 October 2014). Catholicism and Nationalism: Changing Nature of Party Politics. ISBN 9781317610618.
4. Inmaculada Egido (2005). Transforming Education: The Spanish Experience. Nova Publishers. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-59454-208-4.
5. Fernando Reinares (2014). "The 2004 Madrid Train Bombings". In Bruce Hoffman; Fernando Reinares (eds.). The Evolution of the Global Terrorist Threat: From 9/11 to Osama bin Laden's Death. Columbia University Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-231-53743-8.
6. Magone, José María (2003). The Politics of Southern Europe: Integration Into the European Union. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-275-97787-0.
7. Philip Arestis; Malcolm C. Sawyer (2001). The Economics of the Third Way: Experiences from Around the World. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-84376-283-6.
8. "Batalla decisiva en el centroderecha". El País. 2021-03-14.
9. • Jansen, Thomas; Van Hecke, Steven (2011). At Europe's Service: The Origins and Evolution of the European People's Party. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 53. ISBN 9783642194146. The right-wing Conservative AP was now transformed into a party of the centre-right: it was renamed People's Party (Partido Popular, PP) in the spring of 1989.
   • Newton, Michael T. (1997). Institutions of Modern Spain: A Political and Economic Guide. Cambridge University Press. p. 200. ISBN 9780521575089. Since the 're-launch' of 1989, the party has established itself clearly as a party of the centre-right...
   • Meyer Resende, Madalena (2014). Catholicism and Nationalism: Changing Nature of Party Politics. Routledge. p. xix. ISBN 9781317610618. In 1989 the AP transformed into the Partido Popular (PP) – a coalition of center-right forces...
   • Matuschek, Peter (2004). "Who Learns from Whom: The Failure of Spanish Christian Democracy and the Success of the Partido Popular". In Steven Van Hecke; Emmanuel Gerard (eds.). Christian Democratic Parties in Europe Since the End of the Cold War. Leuven University Press. p. 243. ISBN 9789058673770.
10. • Ferreiro, Jesus; Serrano, Felipe (2001). Philip Arestis; Malcolm C. Sawyer (eds.). The economic policy of the Spanish Socialist governments: 1982–1996. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 155. ISBN 1843762838. Retrieved 2015-01-30. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
    • Encarnación, Omar G. (2008). Spanish Politics: Democracy After Dictatorship. Polity. pp. 61–64. ISBN 978-0745639925. Retrieved 2015-01-30.
    • Íñigo-Mora, Isabel (2010). Cornelia Ilie (ed.). Rhetorical strategies in the British and Spanish parliaments. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 332. ISBN 978-9027206299. Retrieved 2015-01-30. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
    • DiGiacomo, Susan M. (2008). Sharon R. Roseman; Shawn S. Parkhurst (eds.). Re-presenting the Fascist Classroom: Education as a Space of Memory in Contemporary Spain. SUNY Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0791479018. Retrieved 2015-01-30. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
11. Ávila López, E. (2016) Modern Spain, p. 85 ISBN 978-1-61069-600-5