Chuvashia

The Chuvash Republic (Russian: Чувашская Республика — Чувашия, Chuvashskaya Respublika – Chuvashiya; Chuvash: Чӑваш Республики, transl. Çăvaš Respubliki), or Chuvashia (Russian: Чувашия, Chuvashiya; Chuvash: Чӑваш Ен, transl. Çăvaš En), is a federal subject of Russia. Specifically, it is a republic. It is the home of the Chuvash people, a Turkic ethnic group. Its capital is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619.^[10]

Chuvash Republic Чувашская Республика (Russian) Чӑваш Республики (Chuvash) Çăvaš Respubliki (Transliteration)
—  Republic  —
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "State Anthem of the Chuvash Republic"[1]
Coordinates: 55°33′N 47°06′E
Political status
Country	Russia
Federal district	Volga[2]
Economic region	Volga-Vyatka[3]
Established	June 24, 1920[4]
Capital	Cheboksary[5]
Government (as of February 2015)
• Head[6]	Oleg Nikolayev[7]
• Legislature	State Council[8]
Statistics
Area (as of the 2002 Census)[9]
• Total	18,300 km2 (7,100 sq mi)
Area rank	74th
Population (2010 Census)[10]
• Total	1,251,619
• Rank	41st
• Density[11]	68.39/km2 (177.1/sq mi)
• Urban	58.8%
• Rural	41.2%
Population (January 2014 est.)
• Total	1,240,000[12]
Time zone(s)	MSK (UTC+04:00)
ISO 3166-2	RU-CU
License plates	21, 121
Official languages	Russian;[13] Chuvash[14]
Official website

Geography

Chuvashia is located in the center of European Russia. It borders the Mari El Republic, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Republic of Mordovia, and Ulyanovsk Oblast. Some of the major rivers in Chuvashia are the Volga, the Sura, and the Tsivil, but there are over 2,000 rivers in the republic and over 400 lakes. The climate of Chuvashia is continental.

Natural resources

Some of the natural resources found in Chuvashia include gypsum, sand, clay, sapropel, phosphorite, and peat. There are also deposits of oil and natural gas. 30% of the land area of Chuvashia is forest.

Administrative divisions

See the main article: Administrative divisions of the Chuvash Republic

Demographics

Population: 1,251,619 (2010 Census);^[10] 1,313,754 (2002 Census);^[15] 1,336,066 (1989 Census).^[16]

The capital and largest city of Chuvashia is Cheboksary (population 464,000 in 2010). Cheboksary is located on the southern bank of the Volga. Just east of Cheboksary is the second largest city (a satellite city of Cheboksary), Novocheboksarsk (population 124,000 in 2010).

Cities and towns

Largest cities or towns in Chuvashia 2010 Russian Census
	Rank		Administrative Division	Pop.
Cheboksary Novocheboksarsk	1	Cheboksary	City of republic significance of Cheboksary	453,721	Kanash Alatyr
	2	Novocheboksarsk	City of republic significance of Novocheboksarsk	124,097
	3	Kanash	Kanashsky District	45,607
	4	Alatyr	Alatyrsky District	38,203
	5	Shumerlya	Shumerlinsky District	31,722
	6	Tsivilsk	Tsivilsky District	13,479
	7	Kugesi	Cheboksarsky District	11,917
	8	Kozlovka	Kozlovsky District	10,359
	9	Vurnary	Vurnarsky District	10,086
	10	Yadrin	Yadrinsky District	9,614

Ethnic groups

According to the 2010 Census, ethnic Chuvash make up 67.7% of the republic's population. Other groups include Russians (26.9%), Tatars (2.8%), Mordvins (1.1%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.^[17]

Ethnic group	1926 Census		1939 Census		1959 Census		1970 Census		1979 Census		1989 Census		2002 Census		2010 Census1
	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Chuvash	667,695	74.6%	777,202	72.2%	770,351	70.2%	856,246	70.0%	887,738	68.4%	906,922	67.8%	889,268	67.7%	814,750	67.7%
Russians	178,890	20.0%	241,386	22.4%	263,692	24.0%	299,241	24.5%	338,150	26.0%	357,120	26.7%	348,515	26.5%	323,274	26.9%
Tatars	22,635	2.5%	29,007	2.7%	31,357	2.9%	36,217	3.0%	37,573	2.9%	35,689	2.7%	36,379	2.8%	34,214	2.8%
Mordvins	23,958	2.7%	22,512	2.1%	23,863	2.2%	21,041	1.7%	20,276	1.6%	18,686	1.4%	15,993	1.2%	13,014	1.1%
Others	1,301	0.1%	6,703	0.6%	8,596	0.7%	10,930	0.9%	14,874	1.3%	19,606	1.4%	23,599	1.8%	18,298	1.6%
1 48,069 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[18]

Economy

See the main article: Economy of Chuvashia

The Chuvash Republic is the most populous and fertile area in the middle Volga region. There are woodlands on fertile black earth. In farming, wheat and sugar-beet, pigs and beef cattle have become more important than the rye, oats, barley and dairy cattle which were typical for the region.

References

1. Law #12
2. Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
3. Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
4. "Chuvashiya | republic, Russia".
5. Constitution of the Chuvash Republic, Article 67.2
6. Constitution of the Chuvash Republic, Article 68
7. "Putin dismissed the head of Chuvashia, Mikhail Ignatiev, in connection with a loss of confidence". NewsRU (in Russian). 2020-01-29. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
8. Constitution of the Chuvash Republic, Article 77
9. Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
10. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
11. The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
12. Chuvash Republic Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
13. Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
14. Constitution of the Chuvash Republic, Article 8
15. Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. Retrieved 9 Feb 2012.
16. Demoscope Weekly (1989). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. [All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. Retrieved 9 Feb 2012.
17. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
18. "Впн-2010". Archived from the original on 2019-01-07. Retrieved 2022-09-22.

Sources

• Нестеров, В. А. (1981) [1981]. Населённые пункты Чувашской АССР. 1917–1981 годы: Справочник об административно-территориальном делении (in Russian). Чувашское книжное издательство.
• Государственный Совет Чувашской Республики. Закон №12 от 14 июля 1997 г. «О государственных символах Чувашской Республики», в ред. Закона №59 от 30 июля 2013 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Чувашской Республики "О государственных символах Чувашской Республики"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Чаваш ен", No.30, 26 июля – 2 августа 1997 г. (State Council of the Chuvash Republic. Law #12 of July 14, 1997 On the State Symbols of the Chuvash Republic, as amended by the Law #59 of July 30, 2013 On Amending the Law of the Chuvash Republic "On the State Symbols of the Chuvash Republic". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).

Other websites

• Media related to Chuvashia at Wikimedia Commons
• Chuvashia travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Official website of the Chuvash Republic
• About flag and coat of arms of the Chuvash Republic
• Chuvashia news
• Why do Chuvash people not speak in Chuvash? (article in Russian)
• "As it is in the Chuvash Republic the Chuvash are not needed?!"