ඉන්දු-පාර්තියානු රාජධානිය

The Indo-Parthian Kingdom, also known as the Suren Kingdom,^[3] was a Parthian kingdom founded by the Gondopharid branch of the House of Suren, ruling from 19 to c. 226. At their zenith, they ruled an area covering parts of eastern Iran, various parts of Afghanistan and the northwest regions of the Indian subcontinent (most of modern Pakistan and parts of northwestern India).

Indo-Parthian Kingdom
19–226
Indo-Parthian Kingdom at its maximum extent.[2]
අගනුවර	Taxila Kabul
පොදු භාෂා(ව)	Aramaic Greek Pali (Kharoshthi script) Sanskrit, Prakrit (Brahmi script) Parthian
ආගම	Buddhism Hinduism Zoroastrianism
රජය	Monarchy
King
• 19–46	Gondophares I (first)
• ?–226	Farn-Sasan (last)
Historical era	Antiquity
• Gondophares I	19
• අහෝසි කළේ	226
Preceded by Succeeded by Parthian Empire Indo-Scythians Kushan Empire Sasanian Empire

The kingdom was founded in 19 when the Surenid governor of Drangiana (Sakastan) Gondophares declared independence from the Parthian Empire. He would later make expeditions into the west, conquering territory from the Indo-Scythians and Indo-Greeks, thus transforming his kingdom into an empire.^[4] The domains of the Indo-Parthians were greatly reduced following the invasions of the Kushans in the second half of the 1st. century. They managed to retain control of Sakastan, until its conquest by the Sasanian Empire in c. 224/5.^[5]

The Indo-Parthians are noted for the construction of the Buddhist monastery Takht-i-Bahi (UNESCO World Heritage Site).

Notes

1. Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 145, map XIV.1 (f). ISBN 0226742210.
2. Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 145, map XIV.1 (f). ISBN 0226742210.
3. Gazerani 2015, පිටු අංකය: 26.
4. Rezakhani 2017, පිටු අංකය: 35.
5. Olbrycht 2016, පිටු අංකය: 25.

References

• "Les Palettes du Gandhara", Henri-Paul Francfort, Diffusion de Boccard, Paris, 1979
• "Reports on the campaigns 1956–1958 in Swat (Pakistan)", Domenico Faccenna
• "Sculptures from the sacred site of Butkara I", Domenico Faccena

Sources

• Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1997). "Sīstān". The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume IX: San–Sze. Leiden, and New York: BRILL. pp. 681–685.
  ISBN 9789004082656
  . http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-1/sistan-SIM_5452?s.num=247&s.rows=100&s.start=180.
• Schmitt, R. (1995). "DRANGIANA". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5. pp. 534–537. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/drangiana.
• Frye, Richard Nelson (1984). The History of Ancient Iran. C.H.Beck. pp. 1–411. ISBN 9783406093975. The history of ancient iran.
• Gazerani, Saghi (2015). The Sistani Cycle of Epics and Iran's National History: On the Margins of Historiography. BRILL. pp. 1–250. ISBN 9789004282964.
• Bivar, A. D. H. (2002). "GONDOPHARES". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XI, Fasc. 2. pp. 135–136. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gondophares.
• Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2016). "Dynastic Connections in the Arsacid Empire and the Origins of the House of Sāsān". In Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh; Pendleton, Elizabeth J.; Alram, Michael; Daryaee, Touraj (eds.). The Parthian and Early Sasanian Empires: Adaptation and Expansion. Oxbow Books. ISBN 9781785702082.
• Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–256. ISBN 9781474400305.

External links

• Coins of the Indo-Parthians
• History of Greco-India