Mutezilizam ili mutazilizam (iz arap. , al-mu'tazila), islamska teološka škola nastala u iračkoj Basri sredinom 8. vijeka, tokom uspona Abasidskog Kalifata. Plod je pokušaja da se razumom pronađe centralni put između nevjere i naivnoga fideizma, iako možda ima i političku pozadinu u smislu pokušaja pomirenja pristaša Aiše (suniti) i Alija (šijiti). Osnivačima mutezilizma smatraju se teolozi Vasil ibn Ata (u. 748) i Amr ibn Ubajd (u. 761), a glavne teološke postavke su strogi monoteizam i odbijanje antropomorfizma, radikalna transcendentnost u shvaćanju apsolutne Božje pravde i humanosti. Od 10. vijeka nadalje potisnuo ga je ašarizam, sunitska škola koja je pomirila filozofsko razmišljanje s islamskom tradicijom. Tokom 13. vijeka mutezilizam je u potpunosti potisnut, a njegovi tragovi sačuvali su se u šijitizmu (primarno imamizmu).
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