چيڪ جمهوريا

جمهوريہ چيڪ (چيڪي ٻولي:Česka republika)^[6] يورپ جو هڪ وڏو ملڪ آهي جنهن جي گاديءَ جو هنڌ پراگ شهر آهي. سال 2011ع جي مردمشماريءَ مطابق هن ملڪ جي آبادي هڪ ڪروڙ، 4 لک، 36 هزار 560 آهي. هن ملڪ جي پکيڙ 78،866 چورس ڪلوميٽر آهي.

Czech Republic Česká republika (Czech)
جھنڊو Coat of arms
شُعار: ' Pravda vítězí (Czech) "Truth prevails"
ترانو:  Kde domov můj (Czech) "Where My Home Is"
Show globe Show map of the European Union مڪانيت the  چيڪ جمهوريا  (dark green) – نقشو Europe  (green & dark gray) – in the European Union  (green)  –  [Legend]
گادي جو هنڌ	Prague 50°05′N 14°28′E
سڀ کان وڏو شهر	capital
Official language	Czech[1]
نسلي گروھ (2021)	89% Czechs 3.3% Moravians 0.9% Slovaks 0.7% Ukrainians 2.1% other 4.0% two nationalities
مذهب (2021)	56.9% no religion 11.7% Christianity 9.3% Catholicism 2.4% other Christian 1.2% other 30.1% unanswered
مقامي آبادي	Czech
حڪومت	Unitary parliamentary republic
• President	Petr Pavel
• Prime Minister	Petr Fiala
مقننه	Parliament
•  مٿيون ایوان	Senate
• ھيٺيون ایوان	Chamber of Deputies
Establishment
• Duchy of Bohemia	ت. 870
• Kingdom of Bohemia	1198
• Czechoslovakia	28 October 1918
• Czech Republic	1 January 1993
پکيڙ
• جملي	78٬871 km2 (30٬452 sq mi)[2] (115th)
• پاڻي (%)	2.16 (as of 2022)[2]
آبادي
• 2023 اندازو	سانچو:IncreaseNeutral 10,900,555[3] (85th)
• 2021 مردم شماري	سانچو:IncreaseNeutral 10,524,167[4]
•  گھاٽائي	133 /km2 (344.5 /sq mi) (91st)
جِي ڊي پي (مساوي قوت خريد )	2023 لڳ ڀڳ
• ڪل	$539.318 billion[5] (46th)
• في سيڪڙو	$49,025[5] (39th)
جِي. ڊي. پي  (رڳو نالي ۾ )	2023 لڳ ڀڳ
• ڪل	$335.243 billion[5] (47th)

known as Czechia,[lower-alpha 1][7]

is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia,^[8] it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast.^[9] The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78٬871 ڪلوميٽرزچورس (30٬452 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city is Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and Liberec.

The Duchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century under Great Moravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire in 1002 and became a kingdom in 1198.^[10][11] Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, all of the Crown lands of Bohemia were gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy. Nearly a hundred years later, the Protestant Bohemian Revolt led to the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule. With the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the Crown lands became part of the Austrian Empire.

In the 19th century, the Czech lands became more industrialized, and in 1918 most of it became part of the First Czechoslovak Republic following the collapse of Austria-Hungary after World War I.^[12] Czechoslovakia was the only country in Central and Eastern Europe to remain a parliamentary democracy during the entirety of the interwar period.^[13] After the Munich Agreement in 1938, Nazi Germany systematically took control over the Czech lands.

Czechoslovakia was restored in 1945 and three years later became an Eastern Bloc communist state following a coup d'état in 1948. Attempts to liberalize the government and economy were suppressed by a Soviet-led invasion of the country during the Prague Spring in 1968. In November 1989, the Velvet Revolution ended communist rule in the country and restored democracy. On 31 December 1992, Czechoslovakia was peacefully dissolved, with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary republic and developed country with an advanced, high-income social market economy. It is a welfare state with a European social model, universal health care and free-tuition university education. It ranks 32nd in the Human Development Index. The Czech Republic is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Union, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group.

Česká republika جمهوريہ چيڪ
گاديءَ جو هنڌ	پراگ
ملڪ جي پکيڙ	78866 km²
آبادي	10،538،275

حوالا

1. "Czech language". Czech Republic – Official website. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic. وقت 6 November 2011 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 14 November 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
2. "Land use (as at 31 December)". Public database. Czech Statistical Office. حاصل ڪيل 11 May 2023.
3. "Population – CZSO". Czech Statistical Office.
5. "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Czechia)". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. حاصل ڪيل 11 October 2023.
6. "Publications Office — Interinstitutional style guide — 7.1. Countries — 7.1.1. Designations and abbreviations to use". Publications Office. وقت 12 April 2023 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 13 October 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
7. "the Czech Republic". The United Nations Terminology Database. وقت 16 June 2023 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 28 November 2023. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
8. Šitler, Jiří. "From Bohemia to Czechia". Czech Radio. حاصل ڪيل 1 June 2021.
9. "Information about the Czech Republic". Czech Foreign Ministry. وقت 3 April 2016 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 25 March 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
10. Mlsna, Petr; Šlehofer, F.; Urban, D. "The Path of Czech Constitutionality" (PDF). 1st edition (ٻولي ۾ Czech and English). Praha: Úřad Vlády České Republiky (The Office of the Government of the Czech Republic). صفحا. 10–11. وقت 16 January 2013 تي اصل (PDF) کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 31 October 2012. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
11. Čumlivski, Denko. "800 let Zlaté buly sicilské" (ٻولي ۾ Czech). National Archives of the Czech Republic (Národní Archiv České Republiky). وقت 28 November 2012 تي اصل کان آرڪائيو ٿيل. حاصل ڪيل 31 October 2012. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (مدد)
12. Dijk, Ruud van; Gray, William Glenn; Savranskaya, Svetlana; Suri, Jeremi; Zhai, Qiang (2013). Encyclopedia of the Cold War. Routledge. p. 76. ISBN 978-1135923112. https://books.google.com/books?id=QgX0bQ3Enj4C&pg=PA76. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
13. Timothy Garton Ash The Uses of Adversity Granta Books, 1991 ISBN 0-14-014038-7 p. 60

1. ⁱ/ˈtʃɛkiə/ chek-EE-ə; سانچو:Lang-cz سانچو:IPA-cs.