Mongolien leid

The Mongolien leid ( , Mongγol kele; Cyrillic: Монгол хэл, Mongol khel ) is the best-kent member o the Mongolic leid family. It haes aboot 5.7 million speakers, includin ower 90% o the residents o Mongolie^[6] an mony o the Mongolien residents o the Inner Mongolie autonomous region o Cheenae. In Mongolie, the Khalkha dialect o Mongolien, written in Cyrillic, is predominant; in Inner Mongolie, the leid is mair dialectally diverse an written in the traditional Mongolien script.

Mongolien
монгол хэл
Pronunciation	/mɔŋɢɔ̆ɮ xeɮ/
Native tae	Mongolie
Region	Aw o state Mongolie an Inner Mongolie; Buryatia, Kalmykia, pairts o Irkutsk Oblast, Zabaykalsky Krai in Roushie; pairts o Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, Gansu an Qinghai provinces in Cheenae; Issyk-Kul Region in Kyrgyzstan
Native speakers	5.2 million (2005)[1]
Leid faimily	Mongolic Mongolien
Early forms	Middle Mongolie Clessical Mongolie
Staundart forms	Khalkha (Mongolie) Chakhar (Cheenae)
Dialects	Khalkha Chakhar Khorchin Baarin Xilingol Darkhad
Writin seestem	Mongolie alphabets: Tradeetional Mongolie alphabet (in Cheenae), Mongolie Cyrillic alphabet (in Mongolie), Mongolie Braille
Offeecial status
Offeecial leid in	Mongolie  Cheenae Inner Mongolie Autonomous Region[2]
Regulatit bi	Mongolia: State Leid Cooncil,[3] China: Council for Language and Literature Work[4]
Leid codes
ISO 639-1	mn
ISO 639-2	mon
ISO 639-3	mon – inclusive code Individual codes: khk – Khalkha Mongolie mvf – Peripheral Mongolie (part)
Glottolog	mong1331[5]
Linguasphere	part of 44-BAA-b
Geografic distribution o Mongolic fowks athort Asie (reid)
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Mongolien haes vouel hermony an a complex seellabic structure for a Mongolic leid that allous up tae three seellable-final consonants. It is a typical agglutinative leid that relies on suffix chains in the verbal an nominal domains. While the basic wird order is subject–object–predicate, the noun phrase order is relatively free, so functional roles are indicatit bi a seestem o aboot aicht grammatical cases. Thare are five voices. Verbs are marked for voice, aspect, tense, an epistemic modality/evidentiality. In sentence linkin, a special role is played bi converbs.

Modren Mongolien evolved frae "Middle Mongolien", the leid spoken in the Mongol Empire o the 13t an 14t centuries. In the transition, a major shift in the vouel hermony paradigm occurred, lang vouels developed, the case seestem wis slichtly reformed, an the verbal seestem wis restructured.

References

1. Estimate from Svantesson et al. 2005: 141.
2. "China". Ethnologue.
3. "Törijn alban josny helnij tuhaj huul'". MongolianLaws.com. 15 Mey 2003. Archived frae the original on 22 August 2009. Retrieved 27 Mairch 2009. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help) The decisions of the council have to be ratified by the government.
4. "Mongγul kele bičig-ün aǰil-un ǰöblel". See Sečenbaγatur et al. 2005: 204.
5. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Mongolian". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
6. "Ethnologue, Mongolia page". Archived frae the original on 7 Julie 2010. Retrieved 11 Julie 2010.