Mansoura (Arabic: المنصورة Al Manṣūra) is a ceety in Egyp, wi a population o 420,000. It is the caipital o the Dakahlia Govrenorate.
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Mansoura means 'The Victorious. The ceety is named efter the Egyptian victory ower Louis IX o Fraunce during the Seivent Crusade.
Mansoura lies on the east bank o the Damietta branch o the Nile, in the Delta region. Mansoura is aboot 120 km northeast o Cairo. Athort frae the ceety, on the opposite bank o the Nile, is the toun o Talkha.
Mansoura wis established in 1219 bi Saladin's brither, Abu-Bakr Malik Ibn; kent as Saphadin an aw. Efter the Egyptians defeatit the Crusaders durin the Seivent Crusade, it wis named Mansoura, which translates tae "The Victorious".
In the Seivent Crusade, the Capetians wur defeatit an put tae flicht; atween fifteen an thirty thoosan o thair men fell on the battlefield. Louis IX o Fraunce wis captured in the main Battle o Mansoura, an confined in the hoose o Ibrahim ben Lokman, secretary o the sultan, an unner the guard o the eunuch Sobih. The keeng's brither wis impreesoned in the same hoose. The sultan providit for thair sustenance. The hoose o Ibrahim ben Lokman is nou the anerlie museum in Mansoura. It is open tae the public an hooses airticles that uised tae belang tae the French monarch, includin his personal thirteent century toilet.[1]
The Mansura Air Battle [2][3] on October 14, 1973 occurred durin the Yom Kippur War. Israeli Air Force fechters attackin Egyptian air bases wur interceptit bi the Egyptian Air Force. On that day, 160 jet fechters, maist belangin tae Israel, battled for 53 minutes ower the Nile Delta toun o Al-Mansoura. Despite the numerical an qualitative superiority o the Israeli warplanes, 18 Israeli planes wur douned. The rest retreatit.[4][5] Egyp lost o sax planes, anerlie three o which fell tae Israeli fire. The Egyptian govrenment subsequently changed the kintra’s "Air Force Day" frae November 2 tae October 14, tae commemorate the Mansoura Air Battle.[3]
The Egyptian Arabic dialect spaken bi Mansoura's population is a northren Egyptian Arabic dialect, wi noticeable influences frae the ceety's surroondin rural veelages, each o which haes contributit tae the ceety's population ower the years. Thare are some similarities tae Alexandrian Egyptian Arabic in some aspects o pronunciation.
Mansoura Naitional Museum uised tae be Dar Ibn Lockman, the hoose whaur Louis IX wis impreesoned in 1250 durin the Seivent Crusade. Displayed in the museum are the suits o mail an swords o the crusaders, as well as a collection o maps. Huge paintins depict the Battle o Mansoura.
The Mansoura branch o the Naitional Library wis recently inauguratit as the Mansoura Mubarak Library.[6]
Mansoura is famous for its airchitectural style, especially the Shinnawi Palace (efter Mohamed Bek El-Shinnawi, a member o the Wafd Pairty). It wis biggit bi an Italian airchitect in 1928. The mosque o El-Saleh Ayoub El-Kebir is ane o the maist important in Mansoura. It wis biggit bi a leal servant o the Sultan an is locatit in Al-Sagha Street that separates "Auld Mansoura" frae the modren ceety.[7]
Lik Cairo an Alexandria, Mansoura wis hame tae a flourishin Greek community till the Nasserite era, when mony wur forced tae leave. Mony o the aulder an best established shops an businesses aroond the ceety still bear thair oreeginal Greek names. The first Inglis schuil in the ceety wis established on the site o the auld Greek schuil in the Toriel aurie, ane o the tradeetionally relatively affluent residential destricts o the ceety.
The University of Mansoura wis foondit in 1962, initially as a branch o Cairo University.[8] The Mohamed Ghonim Urology an Nephrology center o Mansoura University is considered tae be the best neer centre in the Middle East an Africae.[7]
Mansoura haes a sports stadium (Mansoura Stadium) which is hame tae its fitbaa team.[9]
The ceety's economy depends on tred, agricultur an the recently discovered naitural gas.[10]
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