The Great Northren War (1700–1721) wis a war whaur a coaleetion led bi the Tsardom o Roushie kempit wi the supremacy o the Swadish Empire wi sonse, in Middlins, Northren, an Eastlin Europe. The initial heid anes o the anti-Swadish alliance war Peter the Great o Roushie, Frederick IV o Denmark–Norawa an Augustus II the Strang o Saxony-Poland. Frederick IV an Augustus II war forced oot o the alliance in 1700 an 1706 respectively, but rejyned it in 1709. George I o Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) jyned the coaleetion in 1714 for Hanover an in 1717 for Breetain, an Frederick William I o Brandenburg-Proushie jyned it in 1715.
Quick Facts Date, Location ...
Great Northren War |
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Clockwise frae tap: Battle o Narva, Battle o Düna, Battle o Poltava, Battle o Gangut, Battle o Gadebusch |
Date | Februar 22, 1700 – September 10, 1721 (21 years, 6 months an 19 days, N.S.) |
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Location | Northren, Eastren an Central Europe |
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Result |
Coalition victory:
- Tsardom o Roushie establishes itsel as a new pouer in Europe.
- Decline o the Swadish Empire an the Pols–Lithuanie Commonweel.
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Territorial changes |
Treaty o Nystad: Roushie gains the three dominions Estonia, Livonie an Ingrie as well as pairts o Kexholm an Viborg. Treaties o Stockholm: Pruoushie gains pairts o Swadish Pomerania. Hanover gains Bremen-Verden. Treaty o Frederiksborg: Holstein–Gottorp loses its pairt o the Duchy o Schleswig tae Denmark. |
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Belligerents |
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Swadish Empire
- Holstein–Gottorp
Pols–Lithuanie Commonweel (1704–09) Ottoman Empire (1710–14)
Cossack Hetmanate (1708–09) Great Breetain (1719–20)
Dutch Republic (1700)
Kinrick o Ingland (1700) |
Tsardom o Roushie
- Cossack Hetmanate
- Kalmyk Khanate
Electorate o Saxony (1700–06, 1709–19) Pols–Lithuanie Commonweel (1701–04, 1704–09, 1709–19) Denmark–Norawa (1700, 1709–20) Kinrick o Proushie (1715–21) Electorate o Hanover (1715–19) Great Breetain (1717–19) Moldavia (1711) |
Commanders an leaders |
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Charles XII † (–1718) Eleonora I (1718–20) Frederick I (1720–)
- Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld
- Magnus Stenbock
- Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt
- Arvid Axel Mardefelt
- Carl Gustaf Armfeldt
- Erik Dahlbergh
- Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach
- Otto Vellingk
- Hans Wachtmeister
- Carl Gustaf Creutz
Frederick IV † (–1702) Duke Charles (1702–) Stanisław I
Ahmed III
Ivan Mazepa † (1708–) George I |
Peter I
- Alexander Menshikov
- Boris Sheremetev
- Fyodor Apraksin
Augustus II (personal union)
- Jacob Heinrich von Flemming
- Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg
- Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski
- Stanisław Chomętowski
Frederick IV
- Christian Ditlev Reventlow
- Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve
- Peter Tordenskjold
- Hartvig Huitfeldt
- Henrik Jørgen Huidtfeldt
Ivan Mazepa (1700–08)
- Danylo Apostol
- Ivan Skoropadsky
Frederick William I
- Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
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Strenth |
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Initial force: : 76,000[1] : 5,000[2]
Temporary support (1700): : 10,000 : 13 ships[3] : 12 ships[3]
Later allies (1704–14): : 24,000[4] : 130,000[5] : 4,000[6] |
Initial force: : 110,000[7] : 30,000[8] : 50,000[9] : 40,000[10] : 30,000[7]
Later allies (1715–20): : 50,000 : 20,000[11] |
Casualties an losses |
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Aboot 200,000 Swadish:
25,000 killt in combat,
175,000 killt bi faimin, disease an exhaustion.[12] |
Unkent. Leastweys 75,000 Roushies killt in combat. 14,000–20,000 Poles, Saxons an 8,000 Danes killt in the lairger battles. 60,000 Danes in tot atween 1709–1719.[13] |
Close
Bengt Liljegren (2000). Karl XII: En biografi. Lund: Historiska media
Peter From, Katastrofen vid Poltava (2007) Lund, Historiska media. pp. 214.
A Military History of Russia: From Ivan the Terrible to the War in Chechnya, David R. Stone. Greenwood Publishing Group (2006). pp. 57.
Peter From, Katastrofen vid Poltava (2007) Lund, Historiska media. pp. 240.
Boris Grigorjev & Aleksandr Bespalov (2012). Kampen mot övermakten. Baltikums fall 1700-1710. pp. 52
Lars-Eric Höglund, Åke Sallnäs, The Great Northern War 1700 - 1721, II. p 51.
Józef Andrzej Gierowski – Historia Polski 1505–1764 (History of Poland 1505–1764), pp. 258–261
Lars-Eric Höglund, Åke Sallnäs, The Great Northern War 1700 - 1721, II. p 132.
Ericson, Lars, Svenska knektar (2004) Lund: Historiska media[page needit]
Lindegren, Jan, Det danska och svenska resurssystemet i komparation (1995) Umeå : Björkås : Mitthögsk[page needit]