Electronics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Electronics is the study an uise o electrical components an circuits that controls the flowe o electrons or ither electrically chairged pairticles.[1]
The fairmaist components uised in electronics is resistors, capacitors, an ticht or lowse wund hanks o wire cried inductors. Aulder electronics uised gless or metal vacuum tubes for tae control the flowe o electrons. By the late 1960's an early 1970's the transistor, a semiconductor, begoud tae tak the steid o vacuum tubes as control components.[2] At aboot the same time, integratit circuits cam intae ordinar uiss; meeniatur semicondutor circuits conteenin lairge nummers o weeny transistors pitten on gey an thin skelfs o seelicon. Integratit circuits made it possible tae seegnificantly reduce the nummer o components needit tae mak electronic products.[3]
In electrical, electronic an computer ingineerin, the study o pheesics is uised tae unnerstaund hou electronic components wirk an tae find, cleck, or better the electronic components. Computer ingineers design an constructs electronic circuits for tae redd practical problems.
Maist electronics seestems faws intae ane o thir twa categories:
- Some electronic circuits process an caw aboot information. Thir are communications seestems.
- Ither electronic circuits converts an distributes energy. Thir are control seestems.
Ae wey o leukin at an electronic seestem is tae separate it intae three pairts:
- Inpits - Electrical or mechanical sensors (or transducers) that taks seegnals (in the form o temperatur, pressur, etc.) frae the pheesical warld an converts them intae current an voltage seegnals.
- Seegnal processin circuits - Thir conseests o electronic components connectit thegether for tae manipulate, interpret an transform the information conteened in the seegnals.
- Ootpits - Actuators or ither devices (transducers an aw) that transforms current an voltage seegnals back intae uissefu pheesical form.
Tak as an example a televeesion set. A telly set's inpit is a braidcast seegnal received frae an antenna, or a wire cable providit by a cable televeesion vendor. Seegnal processin circuits inside the telly set uises the brichtness, colour, an soond information athin the received seegnal tae control the telly set's ootput devices. The display ootpit device micht be a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a plasma or liquid creestal display screen. The audio ootpit device micht be a magnet driven audio speaker. The display ootput devices converts the seegnal processin circuits' brichtness an colour information intae the veesible eemage displayed on a screen. The audio ootput device converts the processed soond information intae soonds that can be heard by listeners.[4]