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Alzheimer's tribble
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alzheimer's disease (AD), an aw referred tae semply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually stairts slawly an worsens ower time.[1][2] It is the cause o 60–70% of cases o dementia.[1][2] The maist common early symptom is difficulty in rememmerin recent events (short-term memory loss).[1] As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems wi leide, disorientation (includin easily gettin lost), muid swings, loss o motivation, nae managin sel care, an behavioural issues.[1][2] As a person's condition declines, thay eften widraw frae faimily an society.[1] Gradually, bodily functions are lost, ultimately leadin tae daith.[10] Awtho the speed o progression can vary, the teepical life expectancy follaein diagnosis is three tae nine years.[7][11]
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Alzheimer's disease | |
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Synonyms | Alzheimer disease, Alzheimer's |
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Comparison o a normal aged harn (left) an the harn o a person wi Alzheimer's (richt). Chairactereestics that separate the twa are pyntit oot. | |
Specialty | Neurology |
Symptoms | Difficulty in rememmerin recent events, problems wi leid, disorientaition, muid swings[1][2] |
Uisual onset | Ower 65 year auld[3] |
Duration | Lang term[2] |
Causes | Puirly unnerstuid[1] |
Risk factors | Genetics, heid injures, depression, hypertension[1][4] |
Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms an cognitive testing after rulin oot ither possible causes[5] |
Seemilar condeetions | Normal agin[1] |
Medication | Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists (smaw benefit)[6] |
Prognosis | Life expectancy 3–9 years[7] |
Frequency | 29.8 million (2015)[2][8] |
Daiths | 1.9 million (2015)[9] |
The cause o Alzheimer's disease is puirly unnerstuid.[1] Aboot 70% o the risk is believed tae be genetic wi mony genes uisually involved.[4] Ither risk factors include a history o heid injures, depression, or hypertension.[1] The disease process is associatit wi plaques an tangles in the harn.[4] A probable diagnosis is based on the history o the illness an cognitive testing wi medical eemagin an bluid tests tae rule oot ither possible causes.[5] Ineetial symptoms are eften mistaken for normal agein.[1] Examination o harn tishie is needit for a definite diagnosis.[4] Mental an pheesical exercise, an avoidin obesity mey decrease the risk o AD; houiver, evidence tae support these recommendations is nae strang.[4][12] Thare are na medications or supplements that hae been shawn tae decrease risk.[13]
Na treatments stap or reverse its progression, tho some mey temporarily impruive symptoms.[2] Affectit fowk increasingly rely on ithers for assistance, eften placin a burden on the caregiver; the pressurs can include social, psychological, pheesical, an economic elements.[14] Exercise programmes mey be beneficial wi respect tae activities o daily leevin an can potentially impruive ootcomes.[15] Behavioural problems or psychosis due tae dementia are eften treatit wi antipsychotics, but this is nae uisually recommendit, as thare is little benefit wi an increased risk o early daith.[16][17]
In 2015, thare war approximately 29.8 million fowk warldwide wi AD.[2][8] It maist eften begins in fowk ower 65 years o age, awtho 4% tae 5% o cases are early-onset Alzheimer's that begin afore this.[3] It affects aboot 6% o fowk 65 years an aulder.[1] In 2015, dementia resultit in aboot 1.9 million daiths.[9] It wis first descrived bi, and later named efter, German psychiatrist an pathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906.[18] In developit kintras, AD is ane o the maist financially costly diseases.[19][20]