Umukoresha:ELHAMiiD/Virusi itera SIDA/SIDA
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Virusi itera SIDA ni agakoko kambura umubiri ubudahangarwa. Virusi ya SIDA ica umubiri intege ikawambura ubudahangarwa maze igatera ubwandu bw’indwara. Iyo itavuwe hakiri kare Virusi ya SIDA itera indwara zitandukanye bikarangwa no gucika intege k’umubiri ku buryo uba utakibasha guhangana n’indwara. Abantu barwaye SIDA iyo nta miti bafata igabanya ubukana bwayo bashobora kumara imyaka itatu gusa. Iyo umurwayi wa SIDA afashwe n’izindi ndwara kandi nta miti igabanya ubukana anywa, icyizere cy’ubuzima ni umwaka umwe. Abantu barwaye SIDA baba bagomba gufata imiti kugira ngo bakumire gupfa vuba. Nyuma yo kwandura kwambere umuntu ashobora kutabona ibimenyetso byayo, cyangwa ashobora guhura nigihe gito cyindwara zimeze nk'ibicurane (grippe). Ubusanzwe, ibi bikurikirwa nigihe kirekire nta bimenyetso. Iyo ubwandu bugenda bwiyongera mu mubiri, bubangamira cyane ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, bikongera ibyago byo kwandura indwara zisanzwe nk'igituntu, kimwe n'izindi ndwara zibasira umubiri mu buryo butunguranye, ndetse n'ibibyimba bitamenyerewe ku bantu basanzwe bafite ubudahangarwa buhagije mu mubiri wabo. Ibi bimenyetso byigaragaza nyuma yaho ari nabyo bikomeye nibyo bituma umurwayi bivugwa ko yanduye SIDA kenshi bigaragazwa cyane no gutakaza ibiro byinshi kuburyo bugaragarira ijisho.
HIV/AIDS | |
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Other names | HIV disease, HIV infection[1][2] |
The red ribbon is a symbol for solidarity with HIV-positive people and those living with AIDS.[3] | |
Specialty | Infectious disease, immunology |
Symptoms | Early: Flu-like illness[4] Later: Large lymph nodes, fever, weight loss[4] |
Complications | Opportunistic infections, tumors[4] |
Duration | Lifelong[4] |
Causes | Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)[4] |
Risk factors | Exposure to blood, breast milk, sex[4] |
Diagnostic method | Blood tests[4] |
Prevention | Safe sex, needle exchange, male circumcision, pre-exposure prophylaxis, post-exposure prophylaxis[4] |
Treatment | Antiretroviral therapy[4] |
Prognosis | Near normal life expectancy with treatment[5][6] 11 years life expectancy without treatment[7] |
Frequency | 1.7 million new cases (2018)[8] 37.9 million living with HIV (2018)[8] |
Deaths | 770,000 (2018)[8] |
Virusi itera SIDA ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane n'imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye (harimo no guhuza n'ibikorwa byo gutingana bashyira ibitsina mu kibuno nababishyira mu kanwa), guterwa amaraso yanduye, inshinge zikoreshwa kwa muganga batera imiti mu mubiri w'umurwayi, umubyeyi utwite akaba yayanduza umwana atwite iyo adafashe imiti ku gihe, iyo umubyeyi abyaye, cyangwa binyuze mu konsa. Amatembabuzi asanzwe nk'amacandwe, ibyuya n'amarira, ntabwo byanduza virusi itera SIDA. Virusi itera sida ni imwe muri za virus zibarizwa mu itsinda rya ry'amavirusi azwi ku izina rya "retrovirus".
Uburyo bwo kwirinda virusi itera SIDA burimo imibonano mpuzabitsina ikingiye, gahunda zo gukoresha neza inshinge, kuvura abanduye, hamwe no gukoresha imiti nka "prophylaxis" mbere na nyuma yo gukora iminonano mpuza bitsina idakingiye. Iyo ari umwana uvutswe yanduye SIDA we na nyina umubyara bahabwa imiti igabanya ubukana SIDA. Nta muti cyangwa urukingo rwa virusi itera SIDA ruhari; ariko, imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ishobora gutuma umuntu abaho igihe kirekire byenda kungana kimwe nk'abantu basanzwe bazima batayanduye. [5] Nibyiza gutangira gufata imiti no kwivuza no kwisuzumisha buri gihe ukimara kumenya ko wanduye. Hatabayeho kuvurwa, impuzandengo yo kubaho nyuma yo kwandura ni imyaka 11.
Muri 2018, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 37.9 babanaga na virusi itera SIDA bituma hapfa abantu 770.000. Abagera kuri miliyoni 20.6 muri bo baba mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo ya Afurika. Hagati y'igihe SIDA yamenyekanye (mu ntangiriro ya za 1980) na 2018, iyi ndwara yateje urupfu rw'abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 32 ku isi hose. VIH / SIDA ifatwa nk'icyorezo - icyorezo cy’indwara kiboneka ahantu hanini kandi kigenda gikwirakwira.
Virusi itera sida yavuye mu zindi nyamaswa yerekeza ku bantu bo muri Afurika yo mu burengerazuba bwo hagati mu ntangiriro kugeza no hagati mu kinyejana cya 20. SIDA yamenyekanye bwa mbere n’ikigo cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) mu 1981 kandi hamenyekana igitera SIDA - ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA - byagaragajwe mu ntangiriro y’imyaka icumi ya mbere y'uwo mwaka.
VIH / SIDA yagize uruhare runini muri sosiyete, iba indwara ndetse n'isoko y'ivangura. Iyi ndwara kandi igira ingaruka zikomeye mu bukungu. Hariho imyumvire myinshi itavugwaho rumwe ku birebana na VIH / SIDA, nko kwizera ko yanduzwa gusa no guhuza ibitsina mu buryo busanzwe. Iyi ndwara yateje impaka nyinshi mu banyamadini, harimo n’umwanya wa Kiliziya Gatolika yo kudashyigikira ikoreshwa ry’agakingirizo mu rwego rwo kuyirinda. Yatumye habaho ubuvuzi budasanzwe ku rwego rwa kiganga, mpuza mahanga ndetse igenerwa n'inkunga nyinshi zitandukanye kuva yamenyekana mu myaka ya za 1980.