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Ubukerarugendo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ubukerarugendo ni ingendo zishimisha cyangwa zigamije ubucuruzi,kandi nigikorwa cyubucuruzi cyo gutanga no gutera inkunga izo ngendo. Umuryango w’ubukerarugendo ku isi usobanura ubukerarugendo muri rusange, mu magambo arenga "imyumvire isanzwe y’ubukerarugendo ko igarukira gusa mu biruhuko gusa", nk 'abantu "bagenda kandi baguma ahantu hatari ibidukikije bisanzwe mu gihe kitarenze umwaka ukurikiranye kwidagadura kandi bitarenze amasaha 24, ubucuruzi nizindi ntego ". [3] Ubukerarugendo bushobora kuba ubw'imbere mu gihugu (mu gihugu cy’abagenzi) cyangwa mpuzamahanga, kandi ubukerarugendo mpuzamahanga bugira ingaruka zinjira kandi zisohoka ku buringanire bw'igihugu.
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Umubare w’ubukerarugendo wagabanutse bitewe n’ubukungu bwifashe nabi cyane (ubukungu bwifashe nabi mu mpera za 2000) hagati y’igice cya kabiri cy’umwaka wa 2008 n’impera za 2009, kandi bitewe n’ikwirakwizwa rya virusi ya grippe H1N1 2009, [4] [5] ariko buhoro buhoro gukira kugeza icyorezo cya COVID-19 gishyize iherezo ritunguranye kumikurire. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku bukerarugendo ku isi ryagereranije ko abinjira mu bukerarugendo mpuzamahanga ku isi bashobora kugabanuka ku kigero cya 58% bakagera kuri 78% mu 2020, bigatuma igihombo cya miliyoni 0.9-1.2 z'amadolari y'Amerika yinjira mu bukerarugendo mpuzamahanga. [6]
Ku isi hose, ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga byinjira mu bukerarugendo (ibintu by'ingendo mu rwego rwo kwishyura) byiyongereye kugera kuri tiriyari 1.03 z'amadolari y'Amerika (miliyari 740) mu 2005, bihuye n'ubwiyongere bw'ukuri bwa 3.8% guhera mu 2010. [7] Ku nshuro ya mbere mu mwaka wa 2012. ba mukerarugendo mpuzamahanga barenze ba miliyari 1 ba mukerarugendo ku isi. Amasoko akomoka mu Bushinwa, Uburusiya, na Berezile yariyongereye cyane mu myaka icumi ishize.
Ubukerarugendo ku isi bugizwe na c. 8% by'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi. Ibyuka bihumanya kimwe n’izindi ngaruka zikomeye z’ibidukikije n’imibereho ntabwo buri gihe bigirira akamaro abaturage baho nubukungu bwabo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amashyirahamwe menshi ateza imbere ubukerarugendo yatangiye kwibanda ku bukerarugendo burambye kugira ngo agabanye ingaruka mbi ziterwa n’ubukerarugendo bugenda bwiyongera. Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bukerarugendo ku isi ryashimangiye ibyo bikorwa biteza imbere ubukerarugendo mu rwego rw’iterambere rirambye, binyuze muri gahunda nk’umwaka mpuzamahanga w’ubukerarugendo burambye bw’iterambere ry’iterambere mu 2017, [11] na gahunda nk’ubukerarugendo kuri SDGs byibanda ku buryo SDG 8, SDG 12 na SDG 14 bigira uruhare mu bukerarugendo mu gushyiraho ubukungu burambye.
Ubukerarugendo bugeze ku ntera nshya hamwe n’inganda zigenda ziyongera mu bukerarugendo bwo mu kirere kimwe n’inganda zigezweho hamwe n’amato atwara abagenzi, hari inzira nyinshi zitandukanye z’ubukerarugendo. Iyindi nganda nshya yubukerarugendo nubukerarugendo busanzwe.