Imiterere y’ibidukikije mu Rwanda
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ubundi u Rwanda rufite ubucucike mpuzandengo bw’abaturage mu 2002 wari 321 kuri km2 (INSR na ORC Macro 2006) naho umubare mpuzandengo ku buso bw’ubutaka bushobora guhingwa) wari urenze abantu 500 ku km2.[1]
Imiterere y’u Rwanda irangwa n’ibibaya, ibirwa n’imisozi bifite ubutumburuke mpuzandengo bwa metero1700. Agasongero gatumburutse kurusha ak’iyindi misozi ni aka Karisimbi gafite metero 4507 z'ubutumburuke. U Rwanda rufite imisozi ikomoka ku birunga mu nkengero z’amajyaruguru no mu ruhererekane rw’imisozi ahenshi mu gitwa cyo hagati. Nyamara, uruhande rw’uburasirazuba bw’igihugu rurarambaraye bihagije ku buryo rufite ubutumburuke mu nsi cyane ya metero1500. Ubutaka buri hasi mu majyepfo ashyira uburasirazuba mu kibaya cya Bugarama ku butumburuke bwa metero 900m bubangikanye n’igisate mu butaka bw’ikibaya cya Rift.[2][3]
Iyi miterere iha u Rwanda imiterere y’ikirere gitoshye kandi gifite ubukonje bitewe ahanini n’ubutumburuke. Ugereranije, ubushyuhe mu mwaka ni hafi 18,5o C, naho imvura igwa muri rusange ni hafi milimetero 1.250 mu mwaka.[4][5]
Igihugu gitunzwe ahanini n’ubuhinzi, kikaba gifite amahitamo make yatuma kigabanya imbaraga nyinshi zisabwa umutungo w’ubutaka. Ubuhinzi butanga 47 ku ijana by’umusaruro w’igihugu ukomatanyije kandi buhagarariye 71 ku ijana by’amafaranga akomoka ku bicuruzwa hanze by’igihugu. Ni isoko y’ibanze yo kwinjizaamafaranga ya 87% y’abaturage (MINAGRI 2006). 52% by’ubuso bw’ubutaka ni bwo buhingwa gusa, hafi hegitari 1.385.000 (ROR 2004). Ubucucike bunini bw’abaturage hagati y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima butorohewe butuma umutungo kamere w’igihugu wangirika (ROR 2004).[6][7]
Ibibazo bikuru bikuru by’ibidukikije ni ibijyanye n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ ubwiyongere bw’abaturage ugereranyije n’umutungo kamere nk’ubutaka, amazi, ibimera n’inyamaswa n’indi mitungo itisubirisha (MFEP 2000). Ibi bigaragazwa cyane n’iyangirika ry’ubutaka, isuri, igabanuka ry’uburumbuke bw’ubutaka, itemwa ry’amashyamba, iyangirika ry’ahantu hahehereye, gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no guhumana kw’ikirere n’ukw’ibidukikije.[8][9]
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