Comedie neagră

Comedia neagră sau grotescă este o lucrare de comedie care conține elemente de umor negru.^[1] Definiția umorului negru este problematică, susținându-se că aceasta ar corespunde conceptului de umor macabru.^{[2][3][4][5][6]}

„Șotron către neființă”, aluzie la suicid

Afișul filmului Monsieur Verdoux din 1947

Termenul umor negru (din franceză; humour noir) a fost introdus de către teoreticianul suprarealist André Breton în 1935, pentru a desemna un subgen al comediei și al satirei, în care râsul rezultă din cinism și scepticism, de multe ori bazându-se pe teme cum ar fi moartea.^{[7][8][9][10]}

Exemple

Film

• 1947 Domnul Verdoux (Monsieur Verdoux), regia Charlie Chaplin
• 1964 Fata în doliu (La Niña de luto), regia Manuel Summers
• 1976 Rețeaua, regia Sidney Lumet
• 1985 O noapte ciudată (After Hours), regia Martin Scorsese
• 1994 Pulp Fiction, regia Quentin Tarantino
• 1999 American Beauty, regia Sam Mendes
• 2003 Moșul cel rău (Bad Santa), regia Terry Zwigoff
• 2014 Omul Pasăre sau Virtutea nesperată a ignoranței, regia Alejandro González Iñárritu
• 2017 El Camino Christmas, regia David E. Talbert
• 2019 Parazit, regia Bong Joon-ho

Desene animate

• Happy Tree Friends
• Mr. Pickles
• South Park
• Rick and Morty
• Povestiri din criptă
• Draculaș, vampirul iepuraș

Note

1. Merriam-Webster, Inc (1995) Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of literature, entry black humor, p.144
2. Garrick, Jacqueline and Williams, Mary Beth (2006) Trauma treatment techniques: innovative trends pp.175-6
3. Lipman, Steve (1991) Laughter in hell: the use of humor during the Holocaust, Northvale, N.J:J Aronson Inc.
4. Kurt Vonnegut (1971) Running Experiments Off: An Interview, interview by Laurie Clancy, published in Meanjin Quarterly, 30 (Autumn, 1971), pp.46-54, and in Conversations with Kurt Vonnegut, quote:

   „The term [Black Humor] was part of the language before Freud wrote an essay on it -- 'gallows humor.' This is middle European humor, a response to hopeless situations. It's what a man says faced with a perfectly hopeless situation and he still manages to say something funny. Freud gives examples: A man being led out to be hanged at dawn says, 'Well, the day is certainly starting well.' It's generally called Jewish humor in this country. Actually it's humor from the peasants' revolt, the thirty years' war, and from the Napoleonic wars. It's small people being pushed this way and that way, enormous armies and plagues and so forth, and still hanging on in the face of hopelessness. Jewish jokes are middle European jokes. And the black humorists are gallows humorists, as they try to be funny in the face of situations which they see as just horrible.”

5. Bloom, Harold (2010) Dark Humor, ch. On dark humor in literature, pp.80-88
6. Freud (1927) Humor
7. Lezard, Nicholas (21 februarie 2009). „From the sublime to the surreal”. The Guardian. London. Text " authorlink-Nicholas Lezard " ignorat (ajutor)
8. Real, Hermann Josef (2005) The reception of Jonathan Swift in Europe, p.90 quote:

   „At least, Swift's text is preserved, and so is a prefactory note by the French writer André Breton, which emphasizes Swift's importance as the originator of black humor, of laughter that arises from cynicism and scepticism.”

9. Thomas Leclair (1975) Death and Black Humor^{[nefuncțională – arhivă]} in Critique, Vol. 17, 1975
10. . JSTOR 306869. Lipsește sau este vid: |title= (ajutor)