Economia do setor público

Economia pública, ou economia do setor público, é o estudo da política governamental através da eficiência e equidade do governo.^[1]

No nível mais básico, economia do setor público fornece uma base para a decisão sobre a participação do governo nos mercados e até onde ele deveria participar. Para fazer isso, a teoria micro econômica é utilizada para auxiliar se os mercados são capazes de fornecer um produto eficiente sem a interferência do governo. O estudo envolve a análise da tributação e gastos governamentais. Esse conteúdo abrange uma gama de tópicos incluindo falhas de mercado, externalidades e a criação de políticas governamentais. Economia do setor público se desenvolve junto a economia do bem-estar e é usada como uma ferramenta para melhorar a qualidade de vida.^[2]

Os tópicos de maior peso nessa área são:

1. Aplicação das finanças públicas;^[3]
2. Análises dos efeitos da políticas públicas;^[4]
3. Efeitos distributivos da taxação e dos gastos governamentais;^[5]
4. Análise das falhas de mercado;^[6]
5. Análise das falhas de governo.^[7]

A ênfase está nos métodos analíticos e científicos, assim como na análise ética-normativa, distinguindo de ideologia. Como por exemplo: Incidência dos impostos,^[8] taxação ótima,^[9] e teoria dos bens públicos.^[10]

Referências

1. Arvate, Paulo; Biderman, Ciro (23 de julho de 2013). Economia Do Setor Público No Brasil. [S.l.]: Elsevier Brasil. ISBN 9788535267136
2. Serge-Christophe Kolm, 1987. "public economics," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 3, pp. 1047–55. Table of Contents.
3. Richard A. Musgrave, 2008. "public finance," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • _____, 1959. The Theory of Public Finance: A Study in Public Economy. J.M. Buchanan review, 1st page.
4. Dani Rodrik, 1996. "Understanding Economic Policy Reform," Journal of Economic Literature, 34(1), pp. 9–41. Archived June 6, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. From The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics Online, 2008. Abstract links for:    • behavioural public economics" by B. Douglas Bernheim and Antonio Rangel    • "fiscal federalism" by David E. Wildasin    • "hazardous waste, economics of" by Hilary Sigman.    • "nutrition and public policy in advanced economies" by Janet Currie.
5. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2008, 2nd Edition. Abstract/contents links for:   • "public finance" by Richard A. Musgrave    • "consumption taxation" by James M. Poterba    • "distributive politics and targeted public spending" by Brian G. Knight    • "generational accounting" by Jagadeesh Gokhale    • "nutrition and public policy in advanced economies" by Janet Currie    • "progressive and regressive taxation" by William Vickrey and Efe A. Ok    • "redistribution of income and wealth" by F.A. Cowell    • "tax expenditures" by Daniel N. Shaviro    • "taxation and poverty" by John Karl Scholz    • "welfare state" by Assar Lindbeck.    • social insurance and public policy by Jonathan Gruber.
6. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2008, 2nd Edition. Abstract links for:    • "market failure" by John O. Ledyard    • "bureaucracy" by Mancur Olson    • "health insurance, economics of" by Joseph P. Newhouse    • "mandated employer provision of employee benefits" by Jonathan Gruber    • "public goods" by Agnar Sandmo
7. • Sharun W. Mukand, 2008. "policy reform, political economy of," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • James M. Buchanan, 2008. "public debt," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • Mrinal Datta-Chaudhuri, 1990. "Market Failure and Government Failure," Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4(3) , pp. 25-39.[dead link].    • Kenneth J. Arrow, 1969. "The Organization of Economic Activity: Issues Pertinent to the Choice of Market versus Non-market Allocations," in Analysis and Evaluation of Public Expenditures: The PPP System. Washington, D.C., Joint Economic Committee of Congress. PDF reprint as pp. 1-16 (press +).    • Joseph E. Stiglitz, 2009. "Regulation and Failure," in David Moss and John Cisternino (eds.), New Perspectives on Regulation, ch. 1, pp. 11-23. Archived February 14, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Cambridge: The Tobin Project.
8. Gilbert E. Metcalf, 2008. "tax incidence," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
9. Louis Kaplow, 2008. "optimal taxation," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
10. Agnar Sandmo, 2008."public goods," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • Serge-Christophe Kolm, 1987. "public economics," The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 3, pp. 1047-48.    • Anthony B. Atkinson and Joseph E. Stiglitz, 1980. Lectures in Public Economics, McGraw-Hill, pp. vii-xi.    • Mancur Olson, 1971, 2nd ed.The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, Harvard University Press, Description and chapter-previews links, pp. ix-x.