O sistema de classificação de gimnospérmicas extantes de Christenhusz et al. (Christenhusz et al., 2011) considera os quatro grupos de gimnospérmicas actuais como subclasses da classe Equisetopsida (= plantas terrestres) (Chase & Reveal, 2009). Os autores reconhecem que as gimnospérmicas extantes são monofiléticas mas devido ao facto que as relações de parentesco com os diversos grupos de gimnospérmicas fósseis são pouco claras, não atribuem ao conjunto um nome formal.
Classificação
O seguinte esquema mostra as ordens, famílias e géneros incluídos em cada uma das quatro subclasses.
I. Cycadidae
II. Ginkgoidae
- Ginkgoales
III. Gnetidae
- Welwitschiales
- Welwitschiaceae
- Gnetales
- Gnetaceae
- Ephedrales
IV. Pinidae (coníferas)
- Pinales
- Pinaceae
- Abies, Cathaya, Cedrus, Keteleeria, Larix, Nothotsuga, Picea, Pinus, Pseudolarix, Pseudotsuga, Tsuga.
- Pinaceae
- Araucariales
- Cupressales
- Sciadopityaceae
- Cupressaceae
- Actinostrobus, Athrotaxis, Austrocedrus, Callitris, Calocedrus, Chamaecyparis, Cryptomeria, Cunninghamia, Cupressus, Diselma, Fitzroya, Fokienia, Glyptostrobus, Juniperus, Libocedrus, Metasequoia, Microbiota, Neocallitropsis, Papuacedrus, Pilgerodendron, Platycladus, Sequoia, Sequoiadendron, Taiwania, Taxodium, Tetraclinis, Thuja, Thujopsis, Widdringtonia.
- Taxaceae
Sinonímias
Em Christenhusz et al. (2011), aparece a sinonímia de todos os táxones citados. De seguida apresenta-se a sinonímia correspondente aos géneros.
Abietia A.H.Kent = Pseudotsuga
Abutua Lour. = Gnetum
Americus Hanford = Sequoiadendron
Apinus Neck. ex Rydb. = Pinus
Arceuthos Antoine & Kotschy = Juniperus
Aulacophyllum Regel = Zamia
Belis Salisb. = Cunninghamia
Biota (D.Don) Endl. = Platycladus
Botryopitys Doweld = Prumnopitys
Bracteocarpus A.V.Bobrov & Melikian = Dacrycarpus
Brownetera Rich. ex Tratt. = Phyllocladus
Callitropsis Compton = Neocallitropsis
Callitropsis Oerst. = Cupressus
Caryopitys Small = Pinus
Caryotaxus Zucc. ex Henkel & Hochst. = Torreya
Catakidozamia W.Hill = Lepidozamia
Cedrus Duhamel = Juniperus
Chaetocladus J.Nelson = Ephedra
Chigua D.W.Stev. = Zamia
Chrysolarix H.E.Moore = Pseudolarix
Columbea Salisb. = Araucaria
Corneria A.V.Bobrov & Melikian = Dacrydium
Cuprespinnata J.Nelson = Taxodium
Cupresstellata J.Nelson = Fitzroya
Cyparissia Hoffmanns. = Callitris
Dammara Link = Agathis
Decussocarpus de Laub. = Retrophyllum
Dolophyllum Salisb. = Thujopsis
Dombeya Lam. = Araucaria
Ducampopinus A.Chev. = Pinus
Dyerocycas Nakai = Cycas
Epicycas de Laub. = Cycas
Eutacta Link = Araucaria
Eutassa Salisb. = Araucaria
Foetataxus J.Nelson = Torreya
Frenela Mirb. = Callitris
Gaussenia A.V.Bobrov & Melikian = Dacrydium
Gnemon [Rumpf ex] Kuntze = Gnetum
Hesperocyparis Bartel & R.A.Price = Cupressus
Hesperopeuce (Engelm.) Lemmon = Tsuga
Heyderia C.Koch = Calocedrus
Jacularia Raf. = Cunninghamia
Laechhardtia Gordon = Callitris
Laricopsis A.H.Kent = Pseudolarix
Laubenfelsia A.V.Bobrov & Melikian = Dacrycarpus
Leucopitys Nieuwl. = Pinus
Margbensonia A.V.Bobrov & Melikian = Podocarpus
Marywildea A.V.Bobrov & Melikian = Araucaria
Metadacrydium M.G.Baum.-Bod. ex Melikian & A.V.Bobrov = Dacrydium
Microstrobos J.Garden & L.A.S.Johnson = Pherosphaera
Neocupressus de Laub. = Cupressus
Nothocallitris A.V.Bobrov & Melikian = Callitris
Octoclinis F.Muell. = Callitris
Pachylepis Brongn. = Widdringtonia
Palma-Filix Adans. = Zamia
Palmifolium Kuntze = Zamia
Parolinia Endl. = Widdringtonia
Picea D.Don ex Loud. = Abies
Pinea Wolf = Pinus
Platycyparis A.V.Bobrov & Melikian = Cupressus
Platyzamia Zucc. = Dioon
Podocarpus Labill. = Phyllocladus
Pterophyllus J.Nelson = Ginkgo
Quadrifaria Manetti ex Gordon = Araucaria
Raxopitys J.Nelson = Cunninghamia
Retinispora Siebold & Zucc. = Chamaecyparis
Sabina Mill. = Juniperus
Sabinella Nakai = Juniperus
Salisburia Sm. = Ginkgo
Salisburyodendron A.V.Bobrov & Melikian = Agathis
Schubertia Mirb. = Taxodium
Shishindenia Makino ex Koidz. = Chamaecyparis
Squamataxus J.Nelson = Saxegothaea
Stachycarpus (Endl.) Tiegh. = Prumnopitys
Stachypitys A.V.Bobrov & Melikian = Prumnopitys
Stegocedrus Doweld = Libocedrus
Strobus (Sweet ex Spach) Opiz = Pinus
Struvea Rchb. = Torreya
Tassilicyparis A.V.Bobrov & Melikian = Cupressus
Thalamia Spreng. = Phyllocladus
Thoa Aubl. = Gnetum
Thujiaecarpus Trautv. = Juniperus
Thya Adans. = Thuja
Titanodendron A.V.Bobrov & Melikian = Araucaria
Todda-Pana Adans. = Cycas
Tumboa Welw. = Welwitschia
Tumion Raf. = Torreya
Van-Tieghemia A.V.Bobrov & Melikian = Prumnopitys
Veitchia Lindl. = Picea?
Washingtonia Winslow = Sequoiadendron
Wellingtonia Lindl. = Sequoiadendron
Xanthocyparis Farjon & T.H.Nguyên = Cupressus
Ver também
Referências
- Christenhusz, M.J.M. et al. (2011-02-18) A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms. Phytotaxa 19: 55–70.
- Chase, M.W. & Reveal, J.L. (2009) A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 122–127.
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