ଡାଇନୋସର

Dinosaurs; ଜୀବାଶ୍ମ କାଳ: Late Triassic—Present, 231.4–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Mounted skeletons of various non-avian dinosaurs, each from a different group. Clockwise from top-left are skeletons of: a predatory theropod (Tyrannosaurus Rex), a large sauropod (Diplodocus), a duck-billed ornithopod (Parasaurolophus), a bird-like dromaeosaurid (Deinonychus), an early ceratopsian (Protoceratops), and a plated thyreophoran (Stegosaurus).
ବିଜ୍ଞାନଭିତ୍ତିକ ଶ୍ରେଣୀବିଭାଗ
ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ:	ପ୍ରାଣୀ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ
ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ:	ବାଇଲାଟେରିଆ
ପର୍ବ:	କୋର୍ଡାଟା
ମହାଶ୍ରେଣୀ:	ଟେଟ୍ରାପୋଡା
Clade:	Dracohors
ଗୋଷ୍ଠୀ:	ଡାଇନୋସରିଆ; Owen, 1842
Major groups
	†Ornithischia †Stegosauria; †Ankylosauria; †Ornithopoda; †Ceratopsia; ; Saurischia †Sauropodomorpha; Theropoda; ;

ଡାଇନୋସର ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ହେଉଛନ୍ତି ଡାଇନୋସୋରିଆ Cladeର ଏକ ବିବିଧ ପ୍ରାଣୀ ପ୍ରଜାତି । ସେମାନେ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଟ୍ରାଇଆସିକ (Triassic) ଯୁଗରେ ଦେଖାଯାଉଥିଲେ , ପାଖାପାଖି ୨୩୦ ନିୟୁତ ବର୍ଷ ପୂର୍ବେ । ଜୁରାସିକ ଯୁଗର ଆରମ୍ଭରୁ (୨୦୦ ନିୟୁତ ବର୍ଷ ପୂର୍ବେ), କ୍ରେଟାସିଅସ ଯୁଗର ଶେଷ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ (୬୫.୫ ନିୟୁତ ବର୍ଷ ପୂର୍ବେ) ସେମାନେ ସବୁଠାରୁ ପ୍ରଭାବଶାଳି ସ୍ଥଳଚର ଥିଲେ । Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event ଯୋଗୁଁ ମେସୋଜୋଇକ ଯୁଗର ଶେଷ ବେଳକୁ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଅଧିକାଂଶ ଡାଇନୋସର ପ୍ରଜାତି ବିଲୁପ୍ତ ହୋଇସାରିଥିଲେ । ଜୀବାଶ୍ମ ରେକଡ଼ ଅନୁଧ୍ୟାନରୁ ଜଣାଯାଏ ଯେ, ପକ୍ଷୀମାନଙ୍କର ଉଦ୍ଭବ ଜୁରାସିକ ଯୁଗରେ ଥେରୋପୋଡ଼ (theropod) ଡାଇନୋସରମାନଙ୍କଠାରୁ ହୋଇଥିଲା ଏବଂ ଆଧୁନିକ ଶ୍ରେଣୀବଭାଗ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥାରେ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ଡାଇନୋସରମାନଙ୍କ ଏକ ଉପ-ବିଭାଗର ମାନ୍ୟତା ଦିଆଯାଇଥାଏ ।^[1]^[2] କିଛି ପକ୍ଷୀ ୬୫ ନିୟୁତ ବର୍ଷ ପୂର୍ବେ ହୋଇଥିବା ଏହି ବିଲୁପ୍ତ ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାରୁ ବର୍ତ୍ତି ଯାଇଥିଲେ ଓ ସେମାନଙ୍କ ବଂଶଧରମାନେ ଡାଇନୋସରଙ୍କ ପିଢୀକୁ ଆଜି ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ନେଇ ଆସିଛନ୍ତି ।

Quick Facts ବିଜ୍ଞାନଭିତ୍ତିକ ଶ୍ରେଣୀବିଭାଗ, Major groups ...

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ଯଦିଓ ଡାଇନୋସର ଶବ୍ଦର ଅର୍ଥ "ଭୟଙ୍କର ଝିଟିପିଟି" (terrible lizard) , ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ଏହା ଏକ ଝିଟିପିଟି ପ୍ରଜାତିର ଜୀବ ନୁହେଁ । ଏମାନେ ସରୀସୃପମାନଙ୍କର ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ପ୍ରଜାତି ଅଟନ୍ତି ।

୧୮୪୨ରେ ଡାଇନୋସୁରିଆ taxonର ପ୍ରଥମେ ନାମକରଣ କରିଥିଲେ ଜୀବାଶ୍ମ ବିଜ୍ଞାନୀ (paleontologist) ସାର ରିଚାର୍ଡ଼ ଓୱେନ (Sir Richard Owen)। ଏହାକୁ ସେ ସଉରିଆନ ସରୀସୃପମାନଙ୍କର ଅଲଗା ପ୍ରଜାତିକୁ ବା ଉପ-ବିଭାଗକୁ ସୁଚେଇବା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରୁଥିଲେ, ଯାହାକି ପରେ ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡ ଓ ସାରା ବିଶ୍ୱରେ ମାନ୍ୟତା ଲାଭ କରିଥିଲା । ^[3]^:103 ଏହି ଶବ୍ଦଟି ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଗ୍ରୀକ ଶବ୍ଦ δεινός (deinos,ମାନେ "terrible," "potent," କିମ୍ବା "fearfully great") ଓ σαῦρος (sauros,ମାନେ "lizard" କିମ୍ବା "reptile") ଆସିଅଛି । ^[3]^:103^[4] ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଏହି ନାମକରଣ ପଞ୍ଝା , ଦାନ୍ତ ଇତ୍ୟାଦିକୁ ଆଖି ଆଗରେ ରଖି କରାଯାଉଥିଲେହେଁ, ଓୱେନ ଏହାକୁ ତାର ଆକାର ଓ ବିଶାଳତା ଅନୁସାରେ କରିଥିଲେ ।

[1]
Gauthier, Jacques; de Querioz, Kevin (2001). "Feathered dinosaurs, flying dinosaurs, crown dinosaurs, and the name 'Aves'.". New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom (PDF). Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. ISBN 0-912532-57-2. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |format= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)
[2]
Zhou, Z. (2004). "The origin and early evolution of birds: discoveries, disputes, and perspectives from fossil evidence". Naturwissenschaften. 91 (10): 455–471. Bibcode:2004NW.....91..455Z. doi:10.1007/s00114-004-0570-4. PMID 15365634.
[3]
Owen, R (1842). Report on British Fossil Reptiles." Part II. Report of the Eleventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; Held at Plymouth in July 1841. London: John Murray. pp. 60–204. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
[4]
"Liddell–Scott–Jones Lexicon of Classical Greek". Retrieved 2008-08-05.

Bakker, Robert T. (1986). The Dinosaur Heresies: New Theories Unlocking the Mystery of the Dinosaurs and Their Extinction. New York: Morrow. ISBN 0-688-04287-2.
Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2007). Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-375-82419-7.
Paul, Gregory S. (2000). The Scientific American Book of Dinosaurs. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-26226-4.
Paul, Gregory S. (2002). Dinosaurs of the Air: The Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6763-0.
Stewart, Tabori & Chang (1997). "The Humongous Book of Dinosaurs". New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang. Retrieved May 17, 2012. ISBN 1-55670-596-4 (Article: The Humongous Book of Dinosaurs)

General

DinoDatabase.com | Hundreds of dinosaurs and dinosaur related topics.

Images

The Science and Art of Gregory S. Paul Influential paleontologist's anatomy art and paintings
Skeletal Drawing Professional restorations of numerous dinosaurs, and discussions of dinosaur anatomy.

Video

BBC Nature:Watch dinosaurs brought to life and get experts' interpretations with videos from BBC programmes including Walking with Dinosaurs

Popular

Dinosaurs & other extinct creatures: From the Natural History Museum, a well illustrated dinosaur directory.
Dinosaurnews Archived 2005-03-23 at the Wayback Machine. (www.dinosaurnews.org) The dinosaur-related headlines from around the world. Recent news on dinosaurs, including finds and discoveries, and many links.
Dinosauria From UC Berkeley Museum of Paleontology Detailed information – scroll down for menu.
LiveScience.com All about dinosaurs, with current featured articles.
Zoom Dinosaurs (www.enchantedlearning.com) From Enchanted Learning. Kids' site, info pages and stats, theories, history.
Dinosaur genus list contains data tables on nearly every published Mesozoic dinosaur genus as of January 2011.
LiveScience.com Giant Dinosaurs Get Downsized by LiveScience, June 21, 2009

Technical

Palaeontologia Electronica From Coquina Press. Online technical journal.
Dinobase Archived 2008-02-25 at the Wayback Machine. A searchable dinosaur database, from the University of Bristol, with dinosaur lists, classification, pictures, and more.
DinoData Archived 2007-02-20 at the Wayback Machine. (www.dinodata.org) Technical site, essays, classification, anatomy.
Dinosauria On-Line Archived 2008-01-25 at the Wayback Machine. (www.dinosauria.com) Technical site, essays, pronunciation, dictionary.
Thescelosaurus! By Justin Tweet. Includes a cladogram and small essays on each relevant genera and species.

[GauthQuer-1] [1]
Gauthier, Jacques; de Querioz, Kevin (2001). "Feathered dinosaurs, flying dinosaurs, crown dinosaurs, and the name 'Aves'.". New Perspectives on the Origin and Early Evolution of Birds: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Honor of John H. Ostrom (PDF). Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University. ISBN 0-912532-57-2. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |format= requires |url= (help); External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

[Zhou2004-2] [2]
Zhou, Z. (2004). "The origin and early evolution of birds: discoveries, disputes, and perspectives from fossil evidence". Naturwissenschaften. 91 (10): 455–471. Bibcode:2004NW.....91..455Z. doi:10.1007/s00114-004-0570-4. PMID 15365634.

[Owen1842-3] [3]
Owen, R (1842). Report on British Fossil Reptiles." Part II. Report of the Eleventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; Held at Plymouth in July 1841. London: John Murray. pp. 60–204. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)

[LSJ-4] [4]
"Liddell–Scott–Jones Lexicon of Classical Greek". Retrieved 2008-08-05.

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