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Secularisme is het ideaal dat stelt dat er een scheiding dient te zijn tussen religieuze instituties en haar dienaren aan de ene kant en de staat en haar ambtenaren aan de andere kant. Het bereiken van deze soort samenleving wordt secularisering genoemd.
One manifestation of secularism is asserting the right to be free from religious rule and teachings, or, in a state declared to be neutral on matters of belief, from the imposition by government of religion or religious practices upon its people.[Notes 1] Another manifestation of secularism is the view that public activities and decisions, especially political ones, should be uninfluenced by religious beliefs or practices.[1][Notes 2]
Secularism draws its intellectual roots from Greek and Roman philosophers such as Epicurus and Marcus Aurelius; from verlichtingsdenkers such as John Locke, Denis Diderot, Voltaire, Baruch Spinoza, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and Thomas Paine; and from more recent vrijdenkers and atheists such as Robert Ingersoll, Bertrand Russell, and Christopher Hitchens.
The purposes and arguments in support of secularism vary widely. In European Laïcisme, it has been argued that secularism is a movement toward modernisering, and away from traditional religious values (also known as secularisering). This type of secularism, on a social or philosophical level, has often occurred while maintaining an official staatskerk or other state support of religion. Differing political movements support secularism for varying reasons.[2]