ഹെലൻ

ഗ്രീക്ക് പുരാണത്തിൽ സിയൂസിന്റെയും ലിഡയുടെയും പുത്രിയും പൊല്ലൂസിന്റെയും ക്ലയ്റ്റെമ്നെസ്റ്റ്രയുടെയും സഹോദരിയും ഹെലൻ ഓഫ് ട്രോയി എന്നും ഹെലൻ ഓഫ് സ്പാർട്ട എന്നും അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന ഹെലൻ.^[1] ഗ്രീക്ക് പുരാണത്തിൽ ലോകത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും സുന്ദരിയായ വനിതയാണ്‌ ഹെലൻ. വിവാഹത്തിലൂടെ അവൾ ലക്കോനിയയുടെ രാജ്ഞിയായി. ഹോമെറിന്റെ ഗ്രീസ്സിലെ ഒരു പ്രവശ്യയാണ്‌ ലക്കോണിയ.മെനേലൗസാണ്‌ ഹെലനെ വിവാഹം കഴിച്ചത്. ട്രോയിലെ രാജകുമാരനായ പാരിസ് ഹെലനെ തട്ടികൊണ്ട് പോയി. ഇത് ട്രോജൻ യുദ്ധത്തിന്‌ കാരണമായി. പ്രസിദ്ധമായ അദ്ദേഹത്തിന്റെ ജീവചരിത്രം ക്ലാസിക്കൽ രചയിതക്കളായ അരിസ്റ്റോഫാനസ്, സീയോറൊ, യൂറിപിഡസ്, ഹോമർ(ഇലിയാഡിലും ഒഡീസ്സിയസ്സ്ലും) രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുണ്ട്‌. ഹെലന്റെ തട്ടികൊണ്ട് പോക്കലും പാരീസിനെ വധിച്ച് ഹെലനെ തിരിച്ച് കൊണ്ട് വരുന്നതാണ്‌ ട്രോജൻ യുദ്ധം.^[2]

Helen and Menelaus

അവലംബം

1. First Vatican Mythographer, VM I 204.
   * Gantz, Early Greek Myth, 320–321; Hughes, Helen of Troy, 350; Moser, A Cosmos of Desire, 443–444
2. Homer, Iliad, III, 199, 418, 426; Odyssey, IV, 184, 219; XXIII, 218.

പ്രാഥമിക സ്രോതസ്സുകൾ

• Aristophanes, Lysistrata. For an English translation see the Perseus Project.
• Cicero, De inventione II.1.1–2
• Cypria, fragments 1, 9, and 10. For an English translation see the Online Medieval and Classical Library Archived 2010-12-21 at the Wayback Machine..
• Dio Chrysostom, Discourses. For an English translation, see Lacus Curtius.
• Euripides, Helen. For an English translation, see the Perseus Project.
• Euripides, Iphigenia in Aulis. For an English translation, see the Perseus project.
• Euripides, Orestes. For an English translation, see the Perseus Project.
• Herodotus, Histories, Book II. For an English translation, see the Perseus Project.
• Hesiod, Catalogs of Women and Eoiae. For an English translation see the Online Medieval and Classical Library Archived 2013-07-05 at the Wayback Machine..
• Homer, Iliad, Book III; Odyssey, Books IV, and XXIII.
• Hyginus, Fables. Translated in English by Mary Grant.
• Isocrates, Helen. For an English translation, see the Perseus Project.
• Servius, In Aeneida I.526, XI.262
• Lactantius Placidus, Commentarii in Statii Thebaida I.21.
• Little Iliad, fragment 13. For an English translation, see the Online Medieval and Classical Library Archived 2010-12-21 at the Wayback Machine..
• Ovid, Heroides, XVI.Paris Helenae. For an English translation, see the Perseus Project.
• Pausanias, Description of Greece, Book III. For an English translation, see the Perseus Project.
• Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, Book III; Epitome.
• Sappho, fragment 16.
• Sextus Propertius, Elegies, 3.14. Translated in English by A.S. Kline.
• Theocritus, Idylls, XVIII (The Epithalamium of Helen). Translated in English by J. M. Edmonds.
• Virgil, Aeneid. Book VI. For an English translation see the Perseus Project.

ദ്വിതിയ സ്രോതസ്സുകൾ

• Allan, Williams (2008). "Introduction". Helen. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83690-5.
• Anderson, Michael John (1997). "Further Directions". The Fall of Troy in early Greek Poetry and Art. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815064-4.
• Blondell, Ruby (2013). Helen of Troy: Beauty, Myth, Devastation. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199731602.
• Cairns, Francis (2006). "A Lighter Shade of Praise". Sextus Propertius. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-86457-7.
• Calame, Claude (2001). "Chorus and Ritual". Choruses of Young Women in Ancient Greece (translated by Derek Collins and Janice Orion). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-7425-1525-7.
• Caprino, Alexandra (1996). "Greek Mythology in Etruria". In Franklin Hall; John (ed.). Etruscan Italy. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-8425-2334-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
• Chantraine, Pierre (2000). "Ἐλένη". Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Gercque (in ഫ്രഞ്ച്). Klincksieck. ISBN 2-252-03277-4.
• Cingano, Ettore (2005). "A Catalog within a Catalog: Helen's Suitors in the Hesiodic Catalog of Women". In Hunter; Richard L. (ed.). The Hesiodic Catalog of Women. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83684-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
• Clader, Linda Lee (1976). Helen. Brill Archive. ISBN 90-04-04721-2.
• Cyrino, Monica S. (2006). "Helen of Troy". In Winkler; Martin M. (ed.). Troy: from Homer's Iliad to Hollywood. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 1-4051-3182-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
• David, Benjamin (2005). "Narrative in Context". In Jenkens, Lawrence A. (ed.). Renaissance Siena. Truman State University. ISBN 1-931112-43-6.
• Eaverly, Mary Ann (1995). "Geographical and Chronological Distribution". Archaic Greek Equestrian Sculpture. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-10351-2.
• Edmunds, Lowell (May 2007). "Helen's Divine Origins". Electronic Antiquity: Communicating the Classics. X (2): 1–44. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
• Frisk, Hjalmar (1960). "Ἐλένη". Griechisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in ജർമ്മൻ). Vol. I. French & European Pubns.
• Gantz, Timothy (2004). Early Greek Myth. Baltimore, MD and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-5362-1.
• Gumpert, Matthew (2001). "Helen in Greece". Grafting Helen. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-17124-8.
• Hard, Robin; Rose, Herbert Jennings (2004). "the Trojan War". The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-18636-6.
• Hughes, Bettany (2005). Helen of Troy: Goddess, Princess, Whore. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-224-07177-7.
• Executive ed.: Joseph P. Pickert... (2000). "Indo-European roots: wel^₂". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 0-395-82517-2.
• Jackson, Peter (2006). "Shapeshifting Rape and Xoros". The Transformations of Helen. J.H.Röll Verlag.
• Kim, Lawrence (2010). "Homer, poet and historian". Homer Between History and Fiction in Imperial Greek Literature. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-19449-5.
• Lindsay, Jack (1974). "Helen in the Fifth Century". Helen of Troy: Woman and Goddess. Rowman and Littlefield. ISBN 0-87471-581-4.
• Lynn Badin, Stephanie (2006). "Religion and Ideology". The Ancient Greeks. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-814-0.
• Maguire, Laurie (2009). "Beauty". Helen of Troy. John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 9781405126359.
• Mansfield, Elizabeth (2007). "Helen's Uncanny Beauty". Too Beautiful to Picture. University of MinnesotaPress. ISBN 0-8166-4749-6.
• Matheson, Susan B. (1996). "Heroes". Polygnotos and Vase Painting in Classical Athens. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-13870-4.
• Meagher, Robert E. (2002). The Meaning of Helen. Bolchazy–Carducci Publishers. ISBN 0865165106.
• Mills, Sophie (1997). "Theseus and Helen". Theseus, Tragedy, and the Athenian Empire. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-815063-6.
• Moser, Thomas C. (2004). A Cosmos of Desire. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-11379-8.
• Nilsson, Martin Persson (1932). "Mycenaean Centers and Mythological Centers". The Mycenaean Origin of Greek Mythology. Forgotten Books. ISBN 1-60506-393-2.
• Pomeroy, Sarah B. (2002). "Education". Spartan Women. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513067-7.
• Redfield, James (1994). "The Hero". The Tragedy of Hector. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-1422-3.
• Skutsch, Otto (1987). "Helen, her Name and Nature". The Journal of Hellenic Studies. 107: 188–193. doi:10.2307/630087. JSTOR 630087.
• Suzuki, Mihoko (1992). "The Iliad". Metamorphoses of Helen. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8080-9.
• Thompson, Diane P. (2004). "The Fall of Troy – The Beginning of Greek History". The Trojan War. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-1737-4.
• Whitby, Michael (2002). "Introduction". Sparta. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-415-93957-7.

പുറത്തേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ

• An analysis of the legend including historical evidence of worship as a goddess.
• See reviews of Helen of Troy: Goddess, Princess, Whore by Bettany Hughes (2005) New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-224-07177-7, which has been translated into ten languages, on http://www.bettanyhughes.co.uk/
•  "Helen". The American Cyclopædia. 1879.