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Ebigendererwa by’ensi eby’ebyenkulakulana egenda mu maaso byatandikibwawo kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte. Ebigendererwa by’ensi eby’enkulakulana egenda mu maaso bimanyiddwa mu butongole ng’ebigendererwa mukyusa nsi. Ebigendererwa bino biwerera ddala kkumi na musanvu nga bya kutuukirizibwa mu mwaka gwa 2030 mu nsi yonna. Ebigendererwa bino birina ensonga ezisongeddwako 169 mu byo. Ebigendererwa bino bisangibwa mu kiba ekya 54 mu kiwandiiko ky’amawanga amagatte ekyakolebwa nga 25/09/2015, nga byawomebwamu omutwe ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte nga kiyita mu nkola ey’okununula ensi nga kiyambibwako amawanga 193 agakirimu wamu n’ekibiina ky’abakozi ba gavumenti mu nsi yonna.[1][2]
Ekiwandiiko ky’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kirambulula endagaano eyakolebwa wakati w’enfugiro ez’enjawulo ku ki ekirina okukolebwa oluvannyuma lwa 2015 ebigendererwa by’ensi yonna eby’enkulakulana ebyasooka (Millennium Development Goals) okubagibwa nga biweddeko. Kino kyali kya kukolebwa nga bazimbira ku mateeka agakkaanyizibwako mu kiwandiiko kino (Resolution A/RES/66/288), ekimanyiddwa nga “Ebiseera Eby’omu maaso bye Twetaaga”.
Nga 19/07/2014, ekibinja ky’abantu abaali ab’okukola ku bigendererwa bino okuva mu Lukiiko Ttabamiruka olw’Ekibiina ky’Amawanga amagatte kyaweereza ekiwandiiko ekirimu ebiteeso byakyo eri Olukiiko luno. Ekiwandiiko ky’ebiteeso byabwe kyalimu ebigendererwa kkumi na musanvu (17) n’ebitunuuliddwa mu bigendererwa bino kikumi mu nkaaga mu mwenda (169) nga byali bitwaliramu kumpi buli kyetaagisa okusobola okutuuka ku nkulakulana eno egenda mu aaso / eteddirira. Mu bino mwalimu okukomya enjala, n’obwavu, okutumbula eby’obulamu n’ebyenjigiriza , okufuula ebibuga ebifo ebyesiimisa, okumalawo obuzibu bw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’obudde, n’okukuuma zi ssemayanja wamu n’ebibira. Nga 05/12/2014, olukiiko ttabamiruka olw’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte lwakkiriza ekyo ekyasalibwawo ssaabawandiisi mu alipoota ye gye yakola oluvannyuma lw’okwekenneenya ebiteeso by’ekibinja ekikozi ekyasalawo ku bigendererwa bino era ne kikakasibwa nti enteekateeka yaakyo yejja okugobererwa.[3]
Enteeseganya wakati w’enfugiro ez’enjawulo ku nteekateeka y’ebyenkulakulana ey’oluvannyuma lwa 2015 zaatandika mu mwezi gwa Gatonnya wa 2015 ne zikoma mu mwezi gwa Muwakanya era mu mwaka gwe gumu. Oluvannyuma lw’enteeseganya zino, ekiwandiiko eky’enkomeredde kyabagibwa mu lukiiko olwatuula okukakasa ebigendererwa bino mu mwezi gw’omwenda okuva ng’ennaku z’omwezi 25-27 mu 2015, mu kibuga New York mu America. Erinnya ly’enteekateeka eno liri: Okukyusa ensi yaffe: Enteekateeka nnamutayiika ey’enkulakulana eteddirira eya 2030 (Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development).
Ebyafaayo by’ebigendererwa by’ensi eby’enkulakulana eteddirira byatandikira mu mwaka gwa 1972, abakulembeze b’amawanga lwe baasisinkana mu kibuga Stockholm mu nsi eya Sweden okuteesa ku bwetoloole bw’omuntu mu lukiiko lw’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte olwayitibwa United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, okutunuulira eddembe ly’amaka lye gaba nalyo okubeera mu bwetoloole obulimu obulamu obulungi era obulimu obugabirizi obwa buli ngeri. Mu 1983, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte lwe kyasalawo okugunjaawo olukiiko lw’ensi yonna okufaayo ku butonde bw’ensi wamu n’enkulakulana nga wano enkulakulana egenda mu maaso yannyonyolwa ng’obusobozi bw’okutuukiriza ebyetaago ebiriwo kati awatali kwemulugunya ku migigi egijja mu maaso n’obusobozi bwagyo kutuukiriza byetaago byago. Mu 1962 olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olwasooka olukwata ku butonde bw’ensi n’enkulakulana lwatuula mu Rio. Mu lukiiko luno enteekateeka eyasooka ku butonde bw’ensi n’enkulakulana yakolebwa era n’etandika okugobererwa ng’enteekateeka nnamba 21.
Oluvannyuma lw’emyaka amakumi abiri ng’olukiiko lw’omu Rio lumaze okutuula, wagungibwawo ekirowoozo ekipya ekiyitibwa “Ebiseera by’omu maaso bye Twetaaga” ekyatuukibwako ensi ezirina obwa mmemba mu kibiina kino. Emiramwa emikulu egyateesebwako kwaliko okukendeeza obwavu, okubunyisa amasannyalaze, amazzi n’obuyonjo, eby’obulamu n’obusenze bw’omuntu. Ekiba ekya 246 eky’ekiwandiiko kino kireetawo enkwatagana wakati w’olukiiko olwatuula mu Rio n’ebigendererwa by’ensi yonna eby’ebyenkulakulana (Millennium Development Goals). “ Tukiraba ng’okussaawo ebigendererwa eby’ebyenkulakulana kisobola okuba eky’omugaso okusobola okussaawo enkola ey’ekiruubirirwa era ekwatagana obulungi ku nkulakulana egenda mu maaso. Ebigendererwa birina birambika era n’okukwataganya mu ngeri ey’ekyenknyi ensonga essatu enkulu ez’enkulakulana egenda mu maaso ( obutonde bw’ensi, eby’enfuna n’embeerabantu). Okutondawo ebigendererwa bino tebirina ndaba na maanyi gabadde gateekebwa ku bigenderewa by’ensi yonna eby’ebyenkulakulana. Ekiba ekya 249, kigamba nti enkola eno erina okubeera ng’egattiddwa bulungi era ng’ekwatagana n’enteekateeka y’ebyokukola oluvannyuma lwa 2015.
Ebiba bino ebibiri nga bigattiddwa wmu byavaako okuleetebwa kw’enteekateeakay’ebyenkulakulana eyali yetolooolera ku bigendererwa by’ensi yonna eby’enkulakulana (Millennium Development Goals (MDGs),[10] ebyabagibwa mu butongole mu Lukiiko olw’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte olwatuula mu 2000, n’endagaano n’ekolebwa mu kiwandiiko ekya “Ebiseera eby’omu maaso bye Twetaaga”. Olukiiko lwa Rio+20 nalwo lwakkiriza nti enkwajjirira y’okubaga “Ebigendererwa by’ensi eby’enkulakulana egenda mu maaso” erina okuba nga yetoloolera ku bukozi, ng’eri mu bufunze era nga nnyangu okutuusa ku balala, mu muwendo omutono ddala, ng’ezzaamu essuubi, etwaliramu ensi zonna era ng’esobola okuteekebwa mu nkola ensi zonna nga tesudde muguluka ebyo ebiriwo mu mawanga ag’enjawulo, obusobozi n’amadaala g’ebyenkulakulana wamu n’okussa ekitiibwa amateeka g’ensi ezo ne bye gatwalanga eby’omuwendo (ebisoosowazibwa).
Ebigendererwa by’ensi yonna eby’enkulakulana byali birina okubeera nga bituukibwako mu mwaka gwa 2015. Okusalibwawo okulala kwali kulina okukolebwa okukkiriza okubagwo ebigendererwa ebirala eby’enkulakulana ebyali eby’okuva mu 2015-2030. Okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsonga eno kwatandika ng’omwaka gwa 2015 tegunnatuuka era ng’ekibinja y’abantu okuva mu kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte ekyali eky’okubaga enteekateeka ku birina okukolebwa oluvannyuma lwa 2015 kyafulumya alipoota eyasooka eyali eyitibwa Okuzuula Ebiseera Eby’om maaso bye Twetaaga (Realizing The Future We Want).[13] alipoota eno ye yali ekikolebwa ekisooka ku kutuukiriza ebyo ebirambikibwa mu biba ekya 246 ne 249 ebyekiwandiiko ky’Ebiseera eby’omu maaso bye Twetaaga. Alipoota eno yannyonnyola ensonga nnya n’ekitundu ku kirooto ky’ensi yonna ky’erina ku by’enkulakulana egenda mu maaso: okutwaliramu n’enkulakulana mu mbeerabantu, okwesigama ku butonde bw’ensi, okukulakulanya eby’enfuna, emirembe wamu n’obukuumi. Mu birala mwalimu.
Mu birala mwalimu olukiiko lwa Ssaabawandiisi w’ekibiina ky’amwanga amagatte olwa waggulu ku nteekateeka y’enkulakulana ey’okubaawo oluvannyuma lwa 2015, nga alipoota yaalwo yaweebwayo eri ssaabawandiisi mu mwaka gwa 2013.
Nga 25/09/2015, amawanga 193 agatuula kulukiiko ttabamiruka olw’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte gassaawo enteekateeka eya 2030 ey’ebyenkulakulana eyali etuumiddwa Okukyusa Ensi yaffe (Transforming our world): Enteekateeka nnamutayiika eya 2030 ey’enkulakulana egenda mu maaso. Oluvannyuma lw’okussibwawo, ebitongole by’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte nga bigattiddwa wamu mu kyatuumibwa United Nations Development Group, byasalawo okuwagira enteekateeka eno n’ebintu ebyabwe ebyetongodde, ebibiina eby’obwegassi wamu n’ebitongole eby’ensi yonna. Enkola yaabwe yali emanyiddwa nga Kuyega buli omu “Campaign Everyone”, yaleetera ebigendererwa by’ensi yonna okugaziyizibwa/ okusasaana. Eky’okuwagira enkola eya kakuyege eyeetongodde yawakanyizibwa olw’obutafuna kukakasibwa kuva mu mawanga agalina obwa mmemba mu kibiina, wamu n’ebitongole by’abakozi mu gavumenti eby’enjawulo kko ne gavumenti zonna obulambirira. Kino baakikola nga banenya olukiiko lwa UNDG okwesuulirayo ogwa nnaggamba ku nsonga enkulu ezaalina okubeera nga zoogerwako ndagaano: okuyimirizibwawo. Ebyatunuulirwa ebirala mwalimu nti ebigendererwa by’ensi yonna kimiimo ekitegeeza enkwajjirira endala ez’enjawulo ezitalina kakwate ku kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte.
Enteekateeka entongole ekwata ku nkulakulana egenda mu maaso eyassibwawo nga 25/12/2015 erina ebiba 92 ng’ekiba ekikulu eky’amakumi ataano mu ekimu (51) kye kimenya ebigendererwa ekkumi n’omusanvu (17) eby’enkulakulana egenda mu maaso nga muno mwe muli ebitunuuliddwa 169. Mwalimu ebigenederwa bino wammanga:
1.Okumalawo obwavu: okukomya obwavu obwa buli kika mu nsi yonna
2. Okumalirawo ddala enjala - okukomya enjala, okufuna obukuumi ku mmere n’okwongera ku mutindo gw’endiisa wamu n’okukulakulanya omutindo gw’obulimi obutakosa butonde bwansi era obuyimirizikawo.
3. Obulamu obulungi n’embeera ematiza – okukakasa obulamu obulungi n’okwongera ku mbeera ennungi mu bantu bonna ab’emyaka gyonna.
4. Ensoma eri ku mutindo – okussaawo okusoma okwa buli muntu era okw’omutindo n’okukulakulanya emiksa gy’abantu okweyongera mu maaso n’okusoma.
5. Obwenkana ntondwa – okufuna obwenkanyi mu ntondwa n’okuyimusa abakyala bonna n’abaana abawala.
6.Amazzi amayonjo n’obuyonjo obwa wamu – okukakasa okubeerawo n’enkwata y’amazzi ennungi wamu n’okukuuma obuyonjo.
7.Okufuna amasannyalaze mu ngeri esoboka – okukakasa nti buli muntu afuna amasannyalaze mu ngeri ennyangu era esoboka.
8.Emirimu egiweesa abagikola ekitiibwa n’enkulakulana y’ebyenfuna – okutumbula eby’enfuna ebigasa abantu bonna era nga bikuumika okumala ekiseera, emirimu egivaamu ekyo omukozi ky’auubira mu bulamba bwakyo, era nga tegiwebuula bagikola eri abantu bonna.
9.Amakolero, obuyiiya n’ebizimbe- okuzimba ebizimbe ebisoboka okuzzibwa obuggya, okutumbula eby’amakolero ebigasa buli muntu era ebitayonoona butnde bwa nsin’okussa amaanyi mu kuyiiya ebintu ebiggya.
10.Okukendeeza ku butenkana mu bantu – okukendeeza obutenkanankana mu nnyingiza z’abantu mu ggwanga n’amawanga.
11.Ebibuga n’ebyalo ebiganya enkulakulana- okufuula ebibuga n’obusenze bw’abantu okuba nga birimu buli kyetaagisa mu kubeerawo kw’omuntu, nga biteefu era nga bisoboka okutereezebwa n’okumkuumibwa.
12.Okusasaanya n’okufulumya ebintu mu ngeri ey’obuvunaanyizibwa – okukakasa nga waliwo enkozesa entuufu ey’ebintu n’emitendera emituufu mwe biyita okufulumizibwa.
13.Okufaayo ku mbeera y’obudde – okusitukiramu okuziyiza enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z;obudde n’ebizivaamu nga bayita mu kussa ekkomo ku bungi bw’ebiteebwa okugenda mu bbanga wamu n’okutumbula enkulakulana ey’okukozesa amaanyi ag’obutonde.
14.Okukozesa ebiramu eby’omu mazzi okwebeezaawo – okukuuma n’okukozesa zi ssemayanja, agayanja wamu n’ebibivaamu okusobola okuleetawo enkulakulana egenda mu maaso.
15.Obulamu obw’okulukalu – okukuuma, okuzzaawo n’okukulakulanya enkozesa entuufu ey’ebiramu eby’okulukalu, okufaayo ku nkozesa y’ebibira , okuziyiza eddungu, okukomya mu bwangu okwonnona ettaka wamu n’kuziyiza okukendeera kw’obungi bw’obulamu ku nsi.
16.Eddembe, obwenkanya n’amatendekero ag’amaanyi – okutumbula emirembe mu mbeerabantu nga mulimu buli kyetaagisa okusobola okuleetawo enkulakulana egenda mu maaso, okuteekawo emikutu gy’obwenkanya eri buli muntu n’okuzimba amatendekero amalungi era agalimu buli kyetaagisa ku madaala gonna.
17.Obw’egassi obw’ebigendererwa – okunyweza engeri z’okussa mu nkola n’okuzza obuggya enkola y’ensi yonna ey’obwegassi okusobola okuleetawo enkulakulana egenda mu maaso. Mu gw’omunaana gwa 2015, waaliwo ebitunuuliddwa 169 ku bigendererwa ebyo n’obubonero 304 obw’okualbika oba nga ddala ebintu ebyo bissibwa mu nkola.
Okuva lwe kiri nti olukiiko lwa Rio+20 terwalambulula bigendererwa bino na bibikwatako, ekibinja ky’abantu amakumi asatu (30) kyakolebwa nga 22/01/2013, n’okusalawo kw’olukiiko ttabamiruka olw’ekibiina ky’amawangsa amagatte. Abantu bano baaweebwa omulimu gw’okutegeka ekiwandiiko omuli ebyo ebinabeera mu bigendererwa by’ensi eby’enkulakulana egenda mu maaso nga byali bya kugobererwa mu mu lukiiko olw’enkaaga mu omunaana (68) olwali olw’okutuula mu mwezi gw’omwenda 2013 okutuuka mu gw’omwenda 2014. Ekibinja ky’abakozi kyalondanga ba mmemba baakyo nga kisinziira ku bitundu (constituencies) ekyawa omukisa ensi ez’enjawulo okubeera nga zeetaba mu nteekateeka eno. Oluvannyuma lw’entuula 13, ekibinja kino kyawaayo ekiwandiiko kyakyo eky’ebigendererwa ekkumi n’omusanvu eby’enkulakulana egenda mu maaso n’ebyokutunuulira 169 eri olutuula olw’enkaaga mu omunaana olw’olukiiko ttabamiruka olw’ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte mu mwezi gw’omwenda ogwa 2014. Ekiwandiiko ekyava mu lukiiko lwa Rio+20 kyali kigamba nti, “ku ntandikwa, ekibinja ky’abakozi kijja kusalawo ku ngeri y’okukolamu, omuli n’okussaawo ebirabirwako okukakasa ng’abakwatibwako n’abakugu okuva mu kibiina ky’abakozi ba gavumunti, bannassaayansi n’ekibiina ky’amwanag amagatte n’enkola yaakyo okuba nga beenyigiramu butereevu okusobola okuwa ebirowoozo eby’enjawulo wamu n’obumanyirivu.
Alipoota ey’ekitongole ky’ensi yonna ekinoonyereza ku mmere (International Food Policy Research Institute) eya 2013 yawakanya kaweefube ow’ebigendererwa bino nga kigamba nti tebyalimu bbugumu limala. Mu kifo ky’okuluubirira okukomya obwavu omwaka gwa 2030 we gulituukira, n’okumalawo enjala n’endya embi mu mwaka 2025, nti ebigendererwa bino bissa nnyo essira ku kumalwo enjala n’endya embi nga bya kutuukibwako mu myaka etaano n’okukka wansi mu 2025. Kyesigamya endowooza zaakyo ku nsi nga China, Vietnam, Brazil ne Thailand nga kinnyonnyola emikutu esatu omusobola okuyitibwa okutuuka ku kigendererwa kino okuli: eby’obulimi, obukuumi mu mbeeerabantu n’endya ennongoseemu nga bino bisobola okukola kinnakimu oba okugattibwa awamu.
Ebigendererwa by’ensi eby’enkulakulana egenda mu maaso era biwakanyizibwa olw’ensonga nti nabyo bye nnyini bikuubagana olw’ensonga nti mukwagala okulinyisa ebyo eby’enfuna by’amawanga, bajja kumaliriza nga bakuubaganye n’ekigendererwa ky’okutaasa ebiramu ebiri mu butonde bw’ensi. Ekirala kwe kugamba nti ddoola ya America $1.25 tezimala muntu kwebeezaawo mu bulamu obwa bulijjo kyokka nga bagamba nti omuntu asembayo okuba omwavu alina okuba nga waakiri afuna ddoola 5.
Ensonga endala yali nti ebiruubirirwa 169 bingi nnyo era nga bisobola okuvaako okuwaba nga bwe kyali ku bigendererwa by’enkulakulana ebyasooka. Alipoota eno era yawakanya ebigendererwa bino olw’obutatunuulira mbeera y’abantu baawansi wabula ne bakulembeza ebitundu ebiri obulungi okubaga ebigendererwa bino. Bannabyanfuna baagamba nti ebigendererwa byonna ebirala biringa ebya bagigibwa okutuukiriza ekigendererwa ekisooka., baakiteebereza nti mu kugezaako okumalawo obwavu n’okutuuka ku bigendererwa ebirala kija kwetaagisa ssente eziri wakati wa US$2 trillion to 3 trillion (obutabalika) buli mwaka mu myaka 15 egijja mu maaso, ekirabika nga tekisoboka. Okukendeera kw’abantu abali mu bwavu obutenkanika kuwakanyizibwa olw’enkulakulana eyatuukawo mu nsi eya China; era ng’okugwa kuno kunenyezebwa okunene kussibwa ku bigendererwa by’ensi yonna eby’enkulakulana ebyasoooka okubagibwa. Ebigedererwa bino era biwakanyizibwa olw’ebizibu ebyajjamu mu kinyusi kyabyo ekikulu eky’”enkulakulana egenda mu maaso” n’okulemererwa okutereeza obungi bw’empewo ya carbon dioxide mu bbanga oba okukuumira obutonnde bw’ensi mu mbeera eyeeyagaza.
Amawanga n’ebibiina ebyegattira mu kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte biraze obukwatane wakati w’enkwajjirira y’ebigendererwa by’ensi eby’enkulakulna egenda mu maaso, enzisaamu y’ensimbi mu by’enkulakulana nga birina okumalirizibwa u kibuga Addis Ababa mu mwezi gw’omusanvu gw’omwaka 2015, n’olukiiko lwa COP 21 olwateesa ku nkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde olwatuula mu kibuga kya Bufaransa Paris mu mwezi ogw’ekkumi n’ebiri 2015.
Nations and other parties negotiating at the UN have highlighted the links between the post-2015 SDG process, the Financing for Development process to be concluded in Addis Ababa in July 2015, and the COP 21 Climate Change conference in Paris in December 2015.[47] Mu mwezi gw’okutaano ogwa 2015, alipoota yawunzika ng’egamba nti ekyo kyokka ekinaava mu lukiiko olukwata nkyukakyuka mu butonde bw’ensi olw’omu Paris kye kijja okuyamba amawanga okutuuka ku bigendererwa byago ebyenkulakulana egenda mu maaso wamu n’ebyo ebitunuuliddwa mu byo eby’enjawulo. Alipoota eno era egamba nti okusobola okwang'anga enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde,ebigendererwa bino birina kusooka kutuukibwako; era nti enkulakulana n’embeera y’obudde si byangu kwawula, wamu n’obwavu, obwenkana ntondwa n’amasannyalaze. Ekibiina ky’awanga amagatte kikubiriza ebitongole bya gavumenti okutandika kaweefube ow’okukendeeza ku bulabe eri obutonde bw’ensi.
Ng’oggyeko ebigendererwa eby’etongodde ku by’obulamu, obwenkana ntondwa, eby’enjigiriza n’ebirala waliwo endowooza nti singa okuyimusibwa kw’abakyala n’obwenkana ntondwa biba tebisoosowaziddwa, ebigendererwa ebirala byonna biba tebijja kutambula. Ebirowoozo n’obujulizi okuva mu nsonda ez’enjawulo biraga nti obwetabi bw’abakyala mu by’enkulakulana kirina engeri gye kifugamu okukulakulana kw’ensi yonna mu ngeri ezisukkuluma ebyo ebirowoozebwa nti bye bandikoze.
Olukiiko lw’ensi yonna olwa World Pensions Council (WPC) lugamba nti ebigendererwa bino tebyatunuulira nkwatagana wakati w’enkulakulana ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu wamu n’okusiga ensimbi mu bizimbibwa nga bwe kyali kirina okubeera.
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