Biota [1] in scientificis classificationis rationibus sunt res quae ad caput totius taxinomiae viventium stant. Pan-Biota appellatur is cladus phylogeneticus qui vitam ab initio usque ad homines comprehendit. Sic definitur ab ipso Wagner: "Panbiota": the first ancestor of Homo sapiens and all of its descendants , i.e. "Hominis sapientis progenitor omnesque suae proles". Idem cladus secundum regulas phylogeneticas recentiores in "Pan-Biota (Wagner, 2004)" a Queiroz et al. (2020) rite rescripta est, definitione emendata.
Biota est vocabulum originis recentis, in lingua Anglica a biot- (vita) et suffixo -a formatum, sed similis est voci Graeco βιοτή , synonymo βίος , "vita".[2]
Synonymum huius notionis est Bionta , nunc taxon defunctum habitum, creatum a Lee Barker Walton anno 1930, ad omnia viventia denominanda, quod in tria subregna divisa erat: Protistodeas , Metaphytodeas (plantas multicellulares), et Zoodeas (animalia multicellularia).
Bacteria (Staphylococci aurei )
Spermium & ovum
Euglenae Fungus mucidus (fuligo septica)
Paramecium
Fucus
Algae silicatae (diatomae)
Algae
Fungus
Bryophyton
Filix
Orchis (dactylorhiza)
Canna indica
Chrysanthemum
Salvia
Solanum
Rubus
Quercus
Passiflora
Vitis
Magnolia
Nautilus
Limulus
Coelacanthus
Tyrannosaurus rex
Pterodactylus
Plesiosaurus
Ichthyosaurus
Archaeopteryx
Platypus
Imperium: Vira (virus : est parasitus intracellularis, dubium est an animal sit)
Imperium: Cellulata
Superregio: Bacteria
Regio: Bacteria (utraque supra Eubacteria sunt, olim: Procaryota / Monera?)
Superregio: Archocaryota[3]
Regio[4] : Archaea / Archaebacteria
Regio: Eucaryota (qui nucleum habent in cellulis)
Subregio: Uniconta / Sarcomastigota (qui flagellum habent, ut: Eumycota, Amoebozoa, Choanozoa, Metazoa,...)
Infraregio: Opisthoconta (qui flagello propelluntur, vide regna: Fungi & Animalia)
Subregio: Biconta / Biciliata (vide infra: Chromalveolata, Excavata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, Apusozoa?)
Regna: Protista (Archae-/ Protozoa, Protophyta), Fungi, Chromista?, Plantae & Animalia
(Supergreges: Amoebozoa, Archaeplastida, Chromalveolata, Excavata, Opisthoconta & Rhizaria)
Regnum: Protista
Regnum: Protista (qui plurimum unam cellulam habent: plancton )
Subregnum: Gymnomyxa (Lancester 1878), Protozoa, Archaezoa (obsol.)
Subregnum: Sarcomastigota (=Uniconta?)
(Phylum: Choanozoa (Cavalier-Smith 1981/83) / Neomonada (Cavalier-Smith , 1997)
Phylum: Sarcomastigophora (=Flagellata + Rhizopoda)
Superclassis: Mastigophora / Flagellata
Classis: Zoomastigophorea / Zoomastigina (Honigberg et al., 1964)
Ordo: Cryptomonadina , Trichomonadida , etc.
Ordo: Choanoflagellida
Ordo: Dinoflagellata (Phylum: Dinozoa?)
Ordo: Euglenida / Euglenoidina (euglena ) (Phylum: Euglenozoa?)
Ordo: Cinetoplastida
Ordo: Oxymonadida
Ordo: Rhizomastigida , Hypermastigida etc.
Phylum: Rhizopoda / Sarcodina / Amoebozoa (Cavalier-Smith 1998, olim: regnum Archezoa)
(Pseudophylum Rhizopoda etiam continet Pseudopodia ut: Foraminifera, Heliozoa, Radiolaria)
Subphylum / Grex: Lobosa (Carpenter 1861 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1997 em.)
Classis: Tubulinea :
Ordo: Amoebida / Amoebina (amoeba )
Classis: & Flabellinea
Ordo: Testacea (Thecamoeba?)
Subphylum / Grex: Conosa
Infraphylum: Archamoebae (chaos, pelomyxa, mastigina)
Infraphylum: Mycetozoa (Haeckel 1904)
Classis: Eumycetozoa (verus fungus mucidus)
Subclassis: Myxogastria (olim: Myxomycetes / Myxomycota, plasmodialis fungus mucidus), Dictyo-/ & Protostelia/-ida?)
Classis: Acrasiomycetes (cellularis fungus mucidus)
Subclassis: Euplasmodida
Subregnum: Corticata (Lankester 1878)
(=Archaeplastida & Chromalveolata, Excavata & Rhizaria = Cabozoa C.Smith)
(Subregnum: Biciliata (=Biconta?)
(Subregnum: (A)dictyozoa (Cavalier-Smith 1991) // Neozoa
Infraregnum / Superphylum Alveolata (Cavalier-Smith , 1991): Endoymbiosis!
Phylum: Apicomplexa
Phylum: Ciliophora / Ciliata
Infraregnum: Excavata (qui cystostomam (cavum vel sulcum ventralem) habent, Cavalier-Smith , 2003)
Superphylum: Discicristata
(Sub)Phylum: Percolozoa
(Sub)Phylum: Euglenozoa (Cavalier-Smith, 1981) // Euglenophyta
Classes: Euglenida, Cinetoplastea (Honigberg, 1963)
Phylum: Metamonada
Subphylum: Anaeromonada, Classis: Anaeromonadea (Ordo: Oxymonadida)
Subphylum: Trichozoa CS1997), Ramus: Parabasalia (Honigberg, 1973 / Cavalier-Smith , 2003)
Infraregnum / Phylum: Rhizaria (Cavalier-Smith , 1987/2002)
Subclassis: Actinopoda (protista amoeboides cum testis)
Regnum: Chromista
Regnum: Chromista (Cavalier-Smith 1981) // Chromalveolata (?)
Infraregnum: Chromobionta / Phylum: Heteroconta / Stramenopila (Cavalier-Smith , 1986)
Phylum Heterocontophyta (=Phaeophyta / Fucophyta: fucus )
Phylum Chrysophyta (Bacillariophyceae: Diatomae (algae silicatae)
Phylum Oomycetes (fungus aquatilis), Cavalier-Smith , 1981)
Phylum Cryptomonadida (algae minutissimae biflagellatae)
Phylum Haptophyta (algae calcariae)
Phylum Chromophyta / Ochrophyta (?), Xanthophyta (?)
Supergrex: Archaeplastida (Adl &al. 2005) / Primoplantae (Palmer &al. 2004)
Phyla: Rhodophyta, Glaucophyta (algae) // Chlorophyta, Embryophyta (plantae)
Regnum: Fungi
Regnum: Fungi / Mycota (fungus )
Divisio / Subregnum: Myxomycota (vide et amoebozoa)
Divisio / Subregnum: Eumycota
Divisio (Phylum): Basidiomycota
Classis: Basidiomycetes / Agaricomycetes / Hymenomycetes (?)
Subclassis: Agaricomycetidae
Divisio (Phylum): Euascomycota (multi fungi filamentosi)
Divisio (Phylum): Ascomycota / Pezizomycota
Subdivisio: Ascomycotina / Pezizomycotina
Classis: Ascomycetes / Pezizomycetes
Ordo: Pezizales (morchella , tuber )
Classis: Eurotiomycetes (?)
Subclassis: Eurotiomycetidae
Subdivisio: Saccharomycotina
Divisio (Phylum): Zygomycota
Regnum: Plantae
Regnum: Plantae / Vegetabilia
(Subregnum / (Gradus: Protophyta (algae & Heterocontophyta vide supra)
Subregnum: Metabionta // Histonia (Haeckel 1904)
Infraregnum / Superdivisio: Embryophyta
(Super)Divisio: Bryophyta (musci)
Divisio: Pteridophyta (filices )
Classis: Pteridopsida
Ordo: Cyatheales (filices arborescentes)
Familia: Cyatheaceae
Familia: Dicksoniaceae
Divisio: Lycophyta / Lycopodiophyta
Classis: Selaginellopsida
Subdivisio: Lycophytina (lycopodium )
(Super)Divisio: Spermatophyta
Divisio: Gymnospermae (Coniferophytina / Pinophyta)
Subdivisio: Cycadophytina
Subdivisio: Gnetophytina
Subdivisio: Ginkgophytina
Subdivisio: Pinophytina
Divisio: Angiospermae (Magnoliophyta)
Subdivisio: Magnoliophytina
Classis: Monocotyledonae (Liliopsida / Liliatae)
Subclassis: Liliidae
Subclassis: Zingiberidae
Classis: Dicotyledonae (Magnoliopsida / Magnoliatae)
Subclassis: Asteridae
Subclassis: Caryophyllidae
Subclassis: Dilleniidae
Ordo: Guttiferales / Parietales
Ordo: Begoniales
Ordo: Caricales
Ordo: Capparales (capparis )
Familia: Cruciferae / Brassicaceae (raphanus )
Ordo: Dilleniales
Ordo: Ebenales (diospyrus )
Ordo: Ericales (Calluna , Vaccinum )
Ordo: Malvales
Ordo: Moringales
Ordo: Nepenthales
Ordo: Passiflorales
Ordo: Primulales
Ordo: Salicales (Salix )
Ordo: Tamariscales
Ordo: Theales (Thea )
Ordo: Violales (viola )
Subclassis: Hamamelidae
Subclassis: Magnoliidae
Subclassis: Rosidae
Superordo: Aralianae
Ordo: Apiales
Ordo: Araliales
Ordo: Dipsacales (valeriana )
Familia: Caprifoliaceae
Familia: Dipsacaceae
Superordo: Celastranae (Disciflorae)
Ordo: Aquifoliales
Ordo: Celastrales
Superordo: Cornanae
Ordo: Fabales (faba )
Ordo: Geraniales (geranium )
Ordo: Hydrangeales
Ordo: Cornales
Familia: Alangiaceae
Familia: Nyssoideae
Superordo: Rosanae
Ordo: Celastrales
Ordo: Euphorbiales (ricinus )
Ordo: Fabales (Leguminosae)
Ordo: Geraniales
Ordo: Myrtales
Ordo: Rhamnales (rhamnus )
Ordo: Rhizophorales
Ordo: Rosales (rosa , rubus , prunus , pyrus , cerasus , fragaria )
Ordo: Santalales (santalum )
Ordo: Sapindales
Ordo: Saxifragales
Subordo: Saxifragineae
Ordo: Thymeleales
Subordo: Vitineae
Regnum: Animalia
Regnum: Animalia
(Sub)Regna "Archezoa, Protozoa" vide supra)
Subregnum (Gradus?): Metazoa, Metabionta (qui plures cellulas habent (Histonia Haeckel 1904)
Infraregnum: Epitheliozoa (qui tegumentum habent?)
Parvregnum: Parazoa (qui tela carent)
Phylum: Porifera / Spongiaria
Subphylum: Cellularia
(Infraregnum: Eucoelomata (qui cavum intra corpus habent: Annelida, Arthropoda, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa)
Parvregnum (Subgradus): Eumetazoa / Histozoa (qui telam cellulosam habent: Cnidaria, Ctenophora)
Superramus: Acrosomata (qui spermio similes sunt?)
Ramus (Subregnum / Superphylum?): Radiata /-alia: (Diploblastica?)
Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Echinozoa
Ramus: Bilateria /-alia: (qui duae partes corporis aequales habent, Triploblastica?)
Subramus: Nephrozoa, Eucoelomata (?)
Superphylum (Cladus): Protostomia (qui primo orificio ore utuntur: Annelidae, Arthropoda, Mollusca)
Phylum: Mollusca
Phylum: Annelida
Classis: Sipunculida
Classis: Polychaeta (vermis marinus)
Classis: Oligochaeta
Classis: Hirudinea
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Classis: Arachnida
Subclassis: Acarina / Acari
Superordo: Parasitiformes
Ordo: Ixodida
Subphylum: Crustacea
Superphylum (Gradus / Cladus): Deuterostomia (Echinodermata, Chordata)
Phylum: Echinodermata
(Superphylum / Infraregnum?: Chordonia)
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Notochordata?
(Infraphylum: Craniota?
(Parvphylum: Vertebrata / Myopterygia?
(Infimphylum (Cladus): Gnathostomata)
(Subcladus: Osteognathostomata
(Parvcladus: Choanata (?)
(Series: Chondrichthiomorphi?)
Classis: Chondrichthyes , Chondrostei (?)
Subclassis: Elasmobranchii (selachus, raia)
Subclassis: Holocephali (chimaeras)
Superclassis (Series): Osteichthyes (Pisces)
Classis: Sarcopterygii / Choanichthyes
Subclassis / Ordo: Crossopterygii / Coelacanthimorpha (Actinista)
Subclassis / Ordo: Dipnoi
Classis: Actinopterygii (piscis )
Subclassis: Teleostei
(Series / Superclassis?: Tetrapoda
(Subseries / Infraclassis?: Amphibia // Amniota
""Biota" apud WoRMS . Cf. Margulis, L.; Schwartz, K.V. (1998). Five Kingdoms: an illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth . 3a ed. Novi Eboraci: Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-3027-8 Oxford English Dictionary (3a editio, 2010), s.v. "biota".
Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML (1990). "Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87 (12): 4576–9
Michael A. Ruggiero et al., "A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms " in PLOS One (29 Aprilis 2015)
Kevin de Queiroz, Philip D. Cantino, Jacques A. Gauthier, Phylonyms: A Companion to the PhyloCode (CRC Press, 2020)
J. R. Wagner, "The general case of phylogenetic definitions, alternate classes of definitions, and the phylogenetic definition of Life (with a capital L) " in Michel Laurin et al, edd., First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting 8 (2004)
Walton, Lee Barker. "Studies Concerning Organisms Occuring in Water Supplies With Particular Reference to Those Founded in Ohio" in Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin , 24 (1930), pp.1-86.