Pragmatism notionem propositum cogitationis esse realitatem describendam, repraesentandam, vel repercutendam reicit.[4] Potius, pragmatistae cogitationem habent instrumentumpraedictionis, problematum solvendorum, et actionis. Pragmatistae affirmant plurimas res philosophicas—sicut natura scientiae, lingua, notiones, significatio, fides, et scientia—optime videri per earum usus effectivos et successus. Philosophia pragmatismi "vehementius dicit utilem notionum adhibitionem per eas actandas ut in experentiishumanis probentur."[5][6] Pragmatism focuses on a “changing universe rather than an unchanging one as the Idealists, Realists and Thomists had claimed”.[6]
Vocabulumpragmatismus est terminus technicus in philosophia qui certam copiam coniunctarum opinionum philsophicarum attingit quae saeculo undevicensimo exeunte ortae sunt; locutio autem saepe cum pragmatismo in circumiectis politicis confunditur (quod attingit civilitatem vel diplomatiam plerumque in rationibus utilibus conditam, potius quam in notionibus ideologicis) et cum usu pragmatismi non technico in circumiectis usitatis quae res in vita verisimiliter attingunt et modo qui in elementis utilibus, non abstractis conditur.
Anglice: "Consider the practical effects of the objects of your conception. Then, your conception of those effects is the whole of your conception of the object."
C. S. Peirce(1878), "How to Make Our Ideas Clear," Popular Science Monthly 12:286–302. Commetarus saepe repimpressus, ut in Collected Papers 5, paragrapha 388–410 et Essential Peirce 1:124–141.
Gutek,Gerald(2014).Philosophical, Ideological, and Theoretical Perspectives On Education.Nova Caesarea:Pearson.pp.76,100.
Baldwin, James Mark, ed. 1901–1905. Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology. 3 vol. in 4. Novi Eboraci: Macmillan.
Dewey, John. (1900–1901), 1991. Lectures on Ethics 1900–1901, ed. Donald F. Koch. Carbondale et Edwardsville Illinoesiae: Southern Illinois University Press.
Dewey, John. 1910. How We Think. Lexingtoniae Massachusettae: D.C. Heath. Reimpressus: Novi Eboraci: Prometheus Books, Buffalo, 1991.
Dewey, John. 1929. The Quest for Certainty: A Study of the Relation of Knowledge and Action. Novi Eboraci: Minton, Balch, and Company. Reimpressus in John Dewey: The Later Works, 1925–1953, Volume 4: 1929, ed. Jo Ann Boydston et Harriet Furst Simon; praefatio Stephen Toulmin. Carbondale et Edwardsville Illinoesiae: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984.
Dewey, John. 1932. Theory of the Moral Life. Pars 2 John Dewey et James H. Tufts, Ethics, Novi Eboraci: Henry Holt and Company, 1908. Ed. 2a., Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1932.
Dewey, John. 1938. Logic: The Theory of Inquiry. Novi Eboraci: Henry Holt and Company.
James, William. 1902. "Pragmatism|Pragmatic and Pragmatism." In Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology, 3 vol. in 4, ed. J. M. Baldwin. Novi Eboraci: Macmillan.
Peirce, C. S.. 1931–1935, 1958. Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, vols. 1–6, ed. Charles Hartshorne et Paul Weiss; vols. 7–8, ed. Arthur W. Burks. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
Peirce, C. S. 1992. The Essential Peirce, Selected Philosophical Writings, Volume 1 (1867–1893), ed. Nathan Houser et Christian Kloesel. Bloomingtoniae et Indianapoli: Indiana University Press.
Peirce, C. S. 1998. The Essential Peirce, Selected Philosophical Writings, Volume 2 (1893–1913). ed. Peirce Edition Project. Bloomingtoniae et Indianapoli: Indiana University Press.
Peirce, C. S. 1878. How to Make Our Ideas Clear. Popular Science Monthly 12:286–302.
Putnam, Hilary. 1994. Words and Life, ed. James Conant. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
Quine, Willard Van. 1951 Two Dogmas of Empiricism. Philosophical Review.
Quine, W. V. 1980. From a Logical Point of View: Logico-Philosophical Essays. Ed. 2a. Cantabrigiae Massachusetae: Harvard University Press.
Ramsey, F. P. 1927. Facts and Propositions. Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 7, 153–170.
Ramsey, F. P. 1990. Philosophical Papers, ed. David Hugh Mellor. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
Rescher, N. 1977. Methodological Pragmatism. Oxoniae: Blackwell.
Rescher, N. 2000. Realistic Pragmatism. Albany, SUNY Press.
Schinz, Albert. 1909. Anti-Pragmatism: An Examination into the Respective Rights of Intellectual Aristocracy and Social Democracy. Bostoniae: Small, Maynard and Company.
Bibliographia addita
Allen, James Sloan. 2014. William James on Habit, Will, Truth, and the Meaning of Life.
Edel, Abraham. 1993. Pragmatic Tests and Ethical Insights. In Ethics at the Crossroads: Normative Ethics and Objective Reason, ed. George F. McLean et Richard Wollak.
Eldridge, Michael. 1998. Transforming Experience: John Dewey's Cultural Instrumentalism.
Menand, Louis. 2001. The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America.
Misak, Cheryl, ed. 2007. The New Pragmatists. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
Olson, Gary A., et Stephen Toulmin. 1993. Literary Theory, Philosophy of Science, and Persuasive Discourse: Thoughts from a Neo-premodernist. Colloquium interrogatorium in JAC 13(2).
Pietarinen, A. V. 2006. Interdisciplinarity and Peirce's classification of the Sciences: A Centennial Reassessment. Perspectives on Science 14(2):127–152.