studium sapientiae vel veritatis, per investigationem principiorum cogitationis humanorumque factorum From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Philosophia (etymologice 'amor sapientiae', Graece φιλεῖν 'amare' + σοφία 'sapientia') est studium sapientiae vel veritatis, per investigationem principiorum cogitationishumanorumque factorum. Qui philosophiae se dedicant philosophi nominantur. "Philosophia individua dimittit; neque impressiones primas individuorum, sed notiones ab illis abstractas complectitur; atque hoc prorsus officium est atque opificium rationis."[1]
Vocabulumphilosophiae a Pythagora fictum est, quia sapientiam privilegium divinum putabat; ipse autem se sapientem (sophos) haberi nolebat. Amator sapientiae (vel scientiae) igitur dici malebat.
Philosophia hodierna multas definitiones habet, inter eas:
Criticum studium omnium humanarum quaestionum;
Rationale studium omnis sapientiae humanae;
Studium quaestionum, quibus responsa non sint absoluta.
3. Philosophia operandi (seu ethica, philosophia moralis, moralitas, axiologia (in qua aesthetica, calologia seu theoria artis est) et sociologia philosophica). Subdividitur in:
3.2 Ethica specialis (in qua philosophia politica vel oeconomia politica est).
Logica (logica formalis seu logica minor) scientia quae agitur de causis alteris non est, sed de causis inmediatis. Cum mathematica, scientiae formales sunt.
Bullock, Alan, R. B. Woodings, et John Cumming, eds. (1983), 1992. The Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thinkers. Fontana Originals. Hammersmith Angliae.: Fontana Press. ISBN 9780006369653.
Bullock, Alan, et Oliver Stallybrass, eds. 1977. The Harper Dictionary of Modern Thought. Novi Eboraci: Harper & Row. ISBN 9780060105785.
Julia, Didier. 2006. Dictionnaire de la philosophie. Responsable éditorial, Emmanuel de Waresquiel; secretariat de rédaction, Joelle Narjollet. Lutetiae: Larousse. ISBN 9782035833099.
Reese, W. L. 1980. Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion: Eastern and Western Thought. Atlantic Highlands Novae Caesareae: Humanities Press. ISBN 9780391006881.
Praefationes
Appiah, Kwame Anthony. 2003. Thinking it Through: An Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy.ISBN 9780195134582.
Tarnas, Richard. The Passion of the Western Mind: Understanding the Ideas That Have Shaped Our World View. ISBN 9780345368096.
Anthologiae
Classics of Philosophy (Vols. 1 & 2, 2nd edition), ed. Louis P. Pojman
Classics of Philosophy: The 20th Century (Vol. 3), ed. Louis P. Pojman
The English Philosophers from Bacon to Mill, ed. Edwin Arthur
European Philosophers from Descartes to Nietzsche, ed. Monroe Beardsley
Contemporary Analytic Philosophy: Core Readings, ed. James Baillie
Existentialism: Basic Writings, ed. 2a., ed. Charles Guignon, Derk Pereboom
The Phenomenology Reader ed. Dermot Moran, Timothy Mooney
Medieval Islamic Philosophical Writings, ed. Muhammad Ali Khalidi
A Source Book in Indian Philosophy, ed. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Charles A. Moore
A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy, ed. Wing-tsit Chan
Kim, J., et Ernest Sosa, ed. 1999. Metaphysics: An Anthology. Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies. Oxford, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
The Oxford Handbook of Free Will2004. Ed. Robert Kane
Husserl, Edmund, et Donn Welton. 1999. The Essential Husserl: Basic Writings in Transcendental Phenomenology. Bloomingtoniae: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253212733.
Cottingham, John. 2008. Western Philosophy: An Anthology. Ed. secunda. Malden Massachusettae: Blackwell Publishing. Blackwell Philosophy Anthologies.