Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Encyclopædia Iranica. Novi Eboraci: Center for Iranian Studies, Columbia University. ISBN 1568590504.
Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa.2004. Gale Group. ISBN 9780028657691.
Martin, Richard C., ed. Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world. Macmillan. ISBN 0028656040.
Alii libri
Corbin, Henry. 1964, 1993. History of Islamic Philosophy. Conv. Liadain Sherrard et Philip Sherrard. Londinii: Kegan Paul International, cum Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies. Ed. prima Francice 1964. ISBN 9780710304162. ISBN 0710304161.
Momen, Moojan. 1985. An Introduction to Shi`i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelve. Portu Novo: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300035314.
Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein. 1988. The Just Ruler (al-sultān Al-ʻādil) in Shīʻite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195119150.
Tabatabae, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn. 1979. Shi'ite Islam. Conv. Seyyed Hossein Nasr. SUNY Press ISBN 0873952723.
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