Crater vulcanicus[1] est foramen in cacumine coni montis igniferi, In fundo crateris una vel nonnulli fauces sitae sunt, per quas lava et tephra et fumus vulcanicus exeunt. Interdum lacus lavae in fundo crateris manet; interdum conus alter minor medio cratere stat. Crateres montium igniferorum exstinctorum saepe lacubus aquae impleti sunt; tunc conus alter memoratus insulam in medio lacu efficit.
![Thumb](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Erta-ale_lac-de-lave_2001.jpg/640px-Erta-ale_lac-de-lave_2001.jpg)
![Thumb](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Vesuvius_from_plane.jpg/640px-Vesuvius_from_plane.jpg)
Nonnulli montes igniferi conos non habent (nec montes sensu stricto sunt), sed solum crateres, interdum aqua pleni; vulcani tales, vulgo maar dicti, scaturiginibus geyzerianis similes sunt.
Calderae sunt crateres vulcanici cuius margines tempore vel eruptione explosiva destructae sunt.
Notae
Nexus externi
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