Conversio industrialis

Conversio industrialis, etiam secundum multos fontes non sine controversia Revolutio Industrialis,^[1] appellari potest aetas historica a medio saeculo duodevicensimo usque ad iniens saeculum vicensimum definita, qua Anglia imprimis, et postea caeterae Europae civitates, maximas commutationes sociooeconomicas, technologicas, culturalesque in historia humanitatis subierunt umquam ex aevo Neolithico.

Thumb — Ioannes Locke, pater empirismi et liberalismi hodierni.

Loco oeconomiae quae antea de labore manuali et manufactura versata erat substituti sunt novi modi industriae et fabricationis a machinis effectis. Initium habuit conversio in usu machinarum in industria textilium fabricandorum et in amelioratione processus ferri faciendi. Incremento commercii fautum est a viis melioribus ad mercimonia vehenda, et postea ab inventione traminis ferriviarii. Innovationes quae maximum momentum tulerunt, fuerunt machina vaporaria et machina netrix multiplex, "Spinning Jenny" cognominata, quae incrementa ingentia ad capacitatem textilium producendorum prodiderunt. Cum machinae vel automata ameliorarentur, et novae machinae excogitarentur, primis decenniis saeculi undevicensimi, reditus aliarum industriarum necnon agriculturae magnopere augeri coepit.

Itaque hae commutationes quanto summam rerum fabricatarum auxerunt, tanto tempus quo eaedem res fabricabantur diminuerunt, imprimis postquam productio in serie inventa erat, qua varia opera simplicia singulatim cuique opifici assignabantur, ut in serie efficerentur, sine necessitate peritiae diu exercitatae, sumptu producendi ea re diminuto et summa productorum aucta.

Conversio industrialis in Britanniarum regno coepit, et Britanni multas novas officinarum artes excogitaverunt. Deinde conversio in Belgium, Civitates Foederatas, Franciam, alioque extensa est.

Eodem tempore atque rerum fabricatio facilius fit, status laboris etiam mutavit. Necesse erit divisionem laborum facere inter opificum, ut alter alteram partem fabricationis faciat. Pueri etiam laboraverunt. Mox opifices se in collegia congregaverunt, et operistitia aliquando egunt.

Notae

[1]
Nomen revolutionis hic disputatum est, vide Disputatio:Conversio Industrialis, quia revolutio Latine solet significare commutatio ubi aliquid ad idem punctum repetitur, et in conversione industriali nominata multa progrediuntur sine revolvendo. Sensus desideratus est potius "res novae per industriis factae."

Nexus interni

Bibliographia

Ashton, Thomas S. 1948. The Industrial Revolution (1760-1830). Oxford University Press.
Ayres, Robert. 1989. Technological Transformations and Long Waves. PDF.
Berlanstein, Lenard R., ed. 1992. The Industrial Revolution and work in nineteenth-century Europe. Londini et Novi Eboraci: Routledge.
Chambliss, William J., ed. 1973. Problems of Industrial Society. Reading, Massachusettae: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co. ISBN 9780201009583.
Clapham, J. H. 1926. An Economic History of Modern Britain: The Early Railway Age, 1820-1850. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
Clark, Gregory. 2007. A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World. Princeton University Press.
Daunton, M. J. 1995. Progress and Poverty: An Economic and Social History of Britain, 1700-1850. Oxford University Press. Questia.
Dunham, Arthur Louis. 1955. The Industrial Revolution in France, 1815-1848. Novi Eboraci: Exposition Press. Edition interretialis.
Gatrell, Peter. 2004. "Farm to factory: a reinterpretation of the Soviet industrial revolution." The Economic History Review 57:794. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2004.00295_21.x.
Jacob, Margaret C. 1997. Scientific Culture and the Making of the Industrial West. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
Kisch, Herbert. 1989. From Domestic Manufacture to Industrial Revolution The Case of the Rhineland Textile Districts. Oxford University Press. Editio interretialis.
Landes, David S. 1969. The Unbound Prometheus. Cantabrigiae: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. ISBN 0521094186.
Lucas, Robert E., Jr. 2002. Lectures on Economic Growth. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.
Maddison, Angus. 2003. The World Economy: Historical Statistics. Lutetiae: Development Centre, OECD.
Mantoux, Paul. (1928) 1961. The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century. Questia.
McCloskey, Deirdre. 2004. "Review of The Cambridge Economic History of Britain (edited by Roderick Floud and Paul Johnson)." Times Higher Education Supplement 15 (Ianuario). Commentarius.
McLaughlin Green, Constance. 1939. Holyoke, Massachusetts: A Case History of the Industrial Revolution in America. Portu Novo: Yale University Press. Editio interretialis.
Mokyr, Joel. 1999. The British Industrial Revolution: An Economic Perspective. Questia.
More, Charles. 2000. Understanding the Industrial Revolution. Londinii: Routledge. Editio interretialis.
Pollard, Sidney. 1981. Peaceful Conquest: The Industrialization of Europe, 1760-1970. Oxford University Press. Commentarius.^{[nexus deficit]}
Roe, Joseph Wickham. (1916) 1926. English and American Tool Builders. Portu Novo Connecticutae: Yale University Press. LCCN 16-011753. Novi Eboraci et Londinii: McGraw-Hill 1926 (LCCN 27-024075).
Rosen, William. 2012. The Most Powerful Idea in the World: A Story of Steam, Industry and Invention. Sicagi: University Of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226726342.
Smelser, Neil J. 1959. Social Change in the Industrial Revolution: An Application of Theory to the British Cotton Industry. University of Chicago Press. https://web.archive.org/web/20090414194228/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=55370383 online edition, retrieved 2009-07-26.
Stearns, Peter N. 1998. The Industrial Revolution in World History. Westview Press. Questia.
Smil, Vaclav. 1994. Energy in World History. Westview Press. De libro.
Snooks, G. D. 2000. Was the Industrial Revolution Necessary? Londini et Novi Eboraci: Routledge.
Szostak, Rick. 1991. The Role of Transportation in the Industrial Revolution: A Comparison of England and France. Montréal: McGill-Queen's University Press. Questia.
Toynbee, Arnold. (1884) 2004. Lectures on the Industrial Revolution of the Eighteenth Century in England. Whitefish Montanae: Kessinger Publishing.
Uglow, Jenny. 2002. The Lunar Men: The Friends who made the Future 1730-1810. Londini: Faber and Faber.
Usher, Abbott Payson. 1920. An Introduction to the Industrial History of England. University of Michigan.

[1] [1]
Nomen revolutionis hic disputatum est, vide Disputatio:Conversio Industrialis, quia revolutio Latine solet significare commutatio ubi aliquid ad idem punctum repetitur, et in conversione industriali nominata multa progrediuntur sine revolvendo. Sensus desideratus est potius "res novae per industriis factae."

[1]