Philippe Foret; James A. Millward (2004). 《NewQing Imperial History: The Making of Inner Asian Empire at Qing Chengde》. London: Routledge/Curzon. 123~124쪽
Failure of the Qing Modernizing Project〉, Stephane Corcuff, 《Memories of the Future: National Identity issues and the Search for a New Taiwan》, New York: M.E
Evelyn S. Rawski (1998년 11월 15일). 《The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions》. University of California Press. 251–쪽. ISBN 978-0-520-92679-0
Central Asia, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ (1970). Perdue, Peter C. China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia, Belknap Press
government handled Tibet's foreign and many of its domestic affairs. During the Qing, Tibet hosted imperial troops and border patrols, and the imperial court