defined by way of a selection of mental concomitants called its “jhāna factors” (jhānanga). From among the many mentalfactors contained in each jhāna consciousness
all those karmical volitions (kamma-cetanā) and the consciousness and mentalfactors associated therewith, which are accompanied by 2 or 3 wholesome roots
of the ten pervasive mentalfactors 大地法 presented in the Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya, and one of the five omnipresent mentalfactors 五遍行 presented in the Cheng
(rūpa) has been totally transcended and only consciousness (citta) and mentalfactors (cetasika) remain. Rebirth into these four realms comes about through