흑체 방사

흑체 방사, 흑체 복사(black Body Radiation)는 흑체(이상화된 불투명, 무반사체)에서 방출되는 환경과 열역학적 평형 상태에 있는 물체 내부 또는 주변의 열 전자기 복사이다. 이것은 계산과 이론을 위해 균일하고 일정하다고 가정되는 신체 온도에만 의존하는 강도와 반비례하는 특정하고 연속적인 파장 스펙트럼을 가지고 있다.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

내부적으로 열 평형 상태에 있는 완벽하게 절연된 인클로저는 흑체 복사를 포함하고 있으며 평형에 무시할 수 있는 영향을 미칠 만큼 작은 구멍이 있는 경우 벽에 만들어진 구멍을 통해 흑체 복사를 방출한다. 많은 일반 물체에서 자연적으로 방출되는 열 복사는 흑체 복사로 근사화될 수 있다.

특히 중요한 점은 행성과 별(지구와 태양 포함)이 주변 환경과 열평형을 이루지도 않고 완벽한 흑체도 아니지만 흑체 복사는 여전히 이것들이 방출하는 에너지에 대한 좋은 첫 번째 근사치라는 점이다.^[5]

흑체라는 용어는 1860년 구스타프 키르히호프(Gustav Kirchhoff)에 의해 선보였다.^[6] 흑체 복사는 열복사, 공동 복사, 완전 복사 또는 온도 복사라고도 한다.

같이 보기

각주

[1]
Loudon 2000, Chapter 1.
[2]
Mandel & Wolf 1995, Chapter 13.
[3]
Kondepudi & Prigogine 1998, Chapter 11.
[4]
Landsberg 1990, Chapter 13.
[5]
Ian Morison (2008). 《Introduction to Astronomy and Cosmology》. J Wiley & Sons. 48쪽. ISBN 978-0-470-03333-3.
[6]
From (Kirchhoff, 1860) (Annalen der Physik und Chemie), p. 277: "Der Beweis, welcher für die ausgesprochene Behauptung hier gegeben werden soll, … vollkommen schwarze, oder kürzer schwarze, nennen." (The proof, which shall be given here for the proposition stated [above], rests on the assumption that bodies are conceivable which in the case of infinitely small thicknesses, completely absorb all rays that fall on them, thus [they] neither reflect nor transmit rays. I will call such bodies "completely black [bodies]" or more briefly "black [bodies]".) See also (Kirchhoff, 1860) (Philosophical Magazine), p. 2.

참고 문헌

Chandrasekhar, S. (1950). 《Radiative Transfer》. Oxford University Press.
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Hermann, A. (1971). 《The Genesis of Quantum Theory》. Nash, C.W. (transl.). MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-08047-8. a translation of Frühgeschichte der Quantentheorie (1899–1913), Physik Verlag, Mosbach/Baden.
Kirchhoff, G.; [27 October 1859] (1860a). “Über die Fraunhofer'schen Linien” [On Fraunhofer's lines]. 《Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin》: 662–665.
Kirchhoff, G.; [11 December 1859] (1860b). “Über den Zusammenhang zwischen Emission und Absorption von Licht und Wärme” [On the relation between emission and absorption of light and heat]. 《Monatsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin》: 783–787.
Kirchhoff, G. (1860c). “Ueber das Verhältniss zwischen dem Emissionsvermögen und dem Absorptionsvermögen der Körper für Wärme and Licht” [On the relation between bodies' emission capacity and absorption capacity for heat and light]. 《Annalen der Physik und Chemie》 109 (2): 275–301. Bibcode:1860AnP...185..275K. doi:10.1002/andp.18601850205. Translated by Guthrie, F. as Kirchhoff, G. (1860). “On the relation between the radiating and absorbing powers of different bodies for light and heat”. 《Philosophical Magazine》. Series 4, volume 20: 1–21.
Kirchhoff, G. (1882) [1862], 〈Ueber das Verhältniss zwischen dem Emissionsvermögen und dem Absorptionsvermögen der Körper für Wärme und Licht〉, 《Gessamelte Abhandlungen》, Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 571–598쪽
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더 읽기

Kroemer, Herbert; Kittel, Charles (1980). 《Thermal Physics》 2판. W. H. Freeman Company. ISBN 0-7167-1088-9.
Tipler, Paul; Llewellyn, Ralph (2002). 《Modern Physics》 4판. W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4345-0.

외부 링크

Blackbody radiation JavaScript Interactives Blackbody radiation by Fu-Kwun Hwang and Loo Kang Wee
Calculating Blackbody Radiation Interactive calculator with Doppler Effect. Includes most systems of units.
Color-to-Temperature demonstration at Academo.org
Cooling Mechanisms for Human Body – From Hyperphysics
Descriptions of radiation emitted by many different objects
Blackbody Emission Applet 보관됨 2010-06-09 - 웨이백 머신
"Blackbody Spectrum" by Jeff Bryant, Wolfram Demonstrations Project, 2007.

[1] [1]
Loudon 2000, Chapter 1.

[2] [2]
Mandel & Wolf 1995, Chapter 13.

[3] [3]
Kondepudi & Prigogine 1998, Chapter 11.

[Landsberg-4] [4]
Landsberg 1990, Chapter 13.

[Morison-5] [5]
Ian Morison (2008). 《Introduction to Astronomy and Cosmology》. J Wiley & Sons. 48쪽. ISBN 978-0-470-03333-3.

[6] [6]
From (Kirchhoff, 1860) (Annalen der Physik und Chemie), p. 277: "Der Beweis, welcher für die ausgesprochene Behauptung hier gegeben werden soll, … vollkommen schwarze, oder kürzer schwarze, nennen." (The proof, which shall be given here for the proposition stated [above], rests on the assumption that bodies are conceivable which in the case of infinitely small thicknesses, completely absorb all rays that fall on them, thus [they] neither reflect nor transmit rays. I will call such bodies "completely black [bodies]" or more briefly "black [bodies]".) See also (Kirchhoff, 1860) (Philosophical Magazine), p. 2.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]