사용자:Yjs5497/작업장/Economy of South Korea
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틀:Economy of South Korea table The economy of South Korea is a highly developed[1] trillion dollar economy that is the fourth largest in Asia and 13th largest in the world. It is considered to be one of the world's most successful economies, which sustained double-digit economic growth for decades, growing faster than any other major economy in the 20th century. South Korea's overnight transformation to a wealthy developed country in less than half a century is often called the Miracle on the Han River and earned the distinctive reputation of "Asian Tiger" in the international community.
Today, South Korea is one of Asia's strongest economies and has reached the ranks of Western European economies. It is classified as a High-income economy by the World Bank and an Advanced economy by the IMF and CIA. Its capital, Seoul, is a major global city and a leading international financial centre in Asia, consistently placed among the world's top ten financial and commercial cities.[2] South Koreans enjoy one of the highest living standards in the world and have a higher life expectancy than the Americans, British and Germans and a greater economic freedom than the French and Italians.[3]
Like West Germany and Japan, rapid industrialization since the 1960s has made South Korea one of the world's top ten exporters. An extremely competitive education system and a highly skilled and motivated workforce are two key factors driving this knowledge economy that has the world's highest scientific literacy[4] and second highest mathematical literacy.[5] Despite lacking natural resources, the South Korean economy is larger than all of the following advanced economies put together: Switzerland, Norway, Portugal, Denmark, Finland, New Zealand and Luxembourg.[6] It is one of the G-20 major economies and until 2004, it was larger than Brazil, Russia and India, three of the BRIC economies today.[7]
South Korea has a very high-tech and futuristic infrastructure,[8] and is a world leader in technologically advanced goods such as electronics, automobiles, ships, machinery, petrochemicals and robotics. It boasts the world's highest broadband internet access per capita[9] and is the most wired country in the world.[10] In 2007, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked South Korea's IT Industry Competitiveness among the top three in the world[11], putting it above all European countries such as the UK, Germany and France, as well as Australia and Canada. It also placed South Korea's e-readiness above Japan, Germany and France in 2007.[12] In the 2008 UN e-Government Readiness Index, South Korea was yet again ranked above Japan, Germany, UK, France, Canada and Australia.[13]
South Korea has currently more foreign exchange reserves than the US, UK, Canada and Australia all combined.[14] It is a global technology leader, holding more patents than the US, Germany and France all combined.[15] South Korea's global competitiveness is ranked above many European countries such as France, Spain, Austria, Belgium, Norway and Luxembourg, as well as Australia and New Zealand. South Korea is the world's largest shipbuilder and built more ships than the combined output of the US, EU and Japan. In 2008, more than 1 in 2 ship produced in the world was made in Korea.[16] It also produces more steel than the UK, France and Canada all combined[17] and manufactures more automobiles than the UK and France.[18] South Korea is the seventh largest trading partner of the United States and exports more goods to the US every year than France and Italy.[19] In 2007, South Korea exported more goods and services worldwide than the entire South American continent and Central Asia put together.[20]
Many globally well-known South Korean conglomerates such as Samsung, Hyundai-Kia, LG and SK have rapidly grown to massive sizes today, dominating several world industries. In 2007, the four chaebol's combined revenue was larger than all of the following top multinational companies added up and put together: Apple, BMW, Coca-Cola Company, Ferrari, Google, Intel, L'Oréal, McDonald's, Microsoft, Nike, Sony, Starbucks and the Walt Disney Company.[21] In 2006, Samsung Group alone would have been the world's 34th largest economy if ranked, larger than the entire Argentine economy.[22] In 2007, the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group produced more cars than Mercedes-Benz and BMW combined[23] and became Asia's second largest car company and one of the top five automakers in the world. The LG Group is larger than many of the leading US technology firms and was three times larger than Apple Inc in 2007.[24]
Despite having achieved fully developed status, South Korea continues to be one of the world's fastest growing economies, having the highest GDP, export and industrial production growth rates in the developed world and maintaining the lowest unemployment level among major economies. While the global financial crisis of 2008 has led to a financial collapse and economic decline in the G7 and European economies, the IMF forecasted that South Korea will continue to lead advanced economies in GDP growth for 2008-2009, citing solid macroeconomic fundamentals and vast foreign exchange reserves.[25] As a result, the South Korean economy is scheduled to overtake Canada as soon as 2008 and Spain soon after in 2011.[26] South Korea's GDP per capita is also set to surpass New Zealand in 2009 and Italy in 2012.[27] By 2050, South Korea's GDP is predicted to grow to over $4 trillion and have an income per capita of over $90,000, overtaking Germany and Japan by 2035, France by 2040 and the United Kingdom by 2045.[28] It is the only developed country to be listed among the Next Eleven economies.