사용자:Aspere/미국의 해외 영토
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틀:Administrative divisions of the United States Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions overseen by the federal government of the United States. The various American territories differ from the U.S. states and Indian reservations as they are not sovereign entities.[note 3] In contrast, each state has a sovereignty separate from that of the federal government and each federally recognized Native American tribe possesses limited tribal sovereignty as a "dependent sovereign nation".[3] Territories are classified by incorporation and whether they have an "organized" government through an organic act passed by the Congress.[4] American territories are under American sovereignty and, consequently, may be treated as part of the U.S. proper in some ways and not others (i.e., territories belong to, but are not considered to be a part of, the U.S.).[5] Unincorporated territories in particular are not considered to be integral parts of the U.S.,[6] and the U.S. Constitution applies only partially in those territories.[7][8][4][9][10]
The U.S. currently administers three[7][11] territories in the Caribbean Sea and eleven in the Pacific Ocean.[note 4][note 5] Five territories (American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) are permanently inhabited, unincorporated territories; the other nine are small islands, atolls, and reefs with no native (or permanent) population. Of the nine, only one is classified as an incorporated territory (Palmyra Atoll). Two additional territories (Bajo Nuevo Bank and Serranilla Bank) are claimed by the U.S. but administered by Colombia.[8][13][14] Historically, territories were created to administer newly acquired land, and most eventually attained statehood.[15][16] The most recent territories to become U.S. states were Alaska on January 3, 1959, and Hawaii on August 21, 1959.[17]
Politically and economically, the territories are underdeveloped. Residents of U.S. territories cannot vote in U.S. presidential elections, and they have only non-voting representation in the U.S. Congress.[8] According to 2012 data, territorial telecommunications and other infrastructure are generally inferior to that of the continental U.S. and Hawaii.[18] Poverty rates are higher in the territories than in the states.[19][20]