ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This template uses Lua: |
The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, patent, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.
If invoked with the right parameters, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as {{Cite book}}
and {{Cite web}}
. The default behavior sometimes differs from that of the Cite templates; for example, this template by default generates anchors for Harvard references whereas the Cite templates do not (although they can be made to do so), and this template by default uses commas to separate some fields that the Cite templates separate with periods (full stops).
The template should be inserted after punctuation, such as a period or comma.
All parameter names are lowercase.
This template gives the most commonly used attributes. You can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra attributes from the full list. Spacing and ordering is irrelevant.
{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |accessdate= }}
{{Citation | last = | first = | year = | title = | publisher = | publication-place = | page = | url = | accessdate = }} |
|date=
specifies both month and year.{{Citation | last = Turner | first = Orsamus | title = History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve | publisher = William Alling | place = Rochester, New York | year = 1851 | id = {{OL|7120924W}} }} |
Turner, Orsamus (1851), History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve, Rochester, New York: William Alling, OL7120924W |
These can be used for all types of publication except patents. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items — these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.
{{Citation | author = | last = | first = | author2 = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link = | author2-link = | author-separator = | author-name-separator = | author-mask = | display-authors = | editor = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor2 = | editor2-last = | editor2-first = | editor-link = | editor2-link = | others = | publication-date = | date = | year = | month = | origyear = | title = | chapter = | chapter-url = | contribution = | contribution-url = | type = | journal = | periodical = | newspaper = | magazine = | work = | edition = | series = | volume = | issue = | publisher = | publication-place = | place = | language = | page = | pages = | nopp = | at = | id = | isbn = | issn = | oclc = | pmid = | pmc = | bibcode = | doi = | doi_inactivedate = | zbl = | url = | accessdate = | format = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | layurl = | laysource = | laydate = | separator = , | postscript = | ref = }} |
Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
By default, sets of fields are terminated with a comma (,).
This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:
|date=27 September 2007
not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)
Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example
, –
, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.
Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.
|periodical=
, |journal=
, |newspaper=
, |magazine=
, |work=
, |website=
, |encyclopedia=
, |encyclopaedia=
, |dictionary=
|chapter=
, |script-chapter=
, |contribution=
, |script-contribution=
, |entry=
, |script-entry=
, |article=
, |script-article=
, |section=
, |script-section=
|title=
, |script-title=
, |book-title=
|publication-place=
, |place=
, |location=
|date=
, |year=
, |publication-date=
|series=
, |version=
|volume=
, |issue=
, |number=
|page=
, |pages=
, |at=
, |quote-page=
, |quote-pages=
|edition=
|publisher=
, |institution=
|url=
, |chapter-url=
, |contribution-url=
, |section-url=
|author-last=
, |author-last#=
, |author#-last=
, |author-surname=
, |author-surname#=
, |author#-surname=
, |last=
, |last#=
, |surname=
, |surname#=
, |author=
, |author#=
, |subject=
, |subject#=
, |host=
, |host#=
|author-first=
, |author-first#=
, |author#-first=
, |author-given=
, |author-given#=
, |author#-given=
, |first=
, |first#=
, |given=
, |given#=
|degree=
|arxiv=
, |bibcode=
, |biorxiv=
, |citeseerx=
, |doi=
, |eissn=
, |eprint=
, |hdl=
, |isbn=
, |issn=
, |jfm=
, |jstor=
, |lccn=
, |message-id=
, |mr=
, |oclc=
, |osti=
, |pmc=
, |pmid=
, |rfc=
, |ssrn=
, |s2cid=
, |zbl=
Deprecated parameter | Replace with | Date |
---|---|---|
|lay-date= | if the source named by these parameters is important to the Wikipedia article, create a cs1|2 template for that source with all of the appropriate bibliographic information | 2021-01-03 |
|lay-format= | ||
|lay-source= | ||
|lay-url= | ||
|transcripturl= | |transcript-url= | 2022-01-22 |
Removed parameter | Replace with | Date |
---|---|---|
|authorfirst= |
|author-first= |
October 2020 |
|authorfirstn= |
|author-firstn= | |
|authornfirst= |
|authorn-first= | |
|authorgiven= |
|author-given= | |
|authorgivenn= |
|author-givenn= | |
|authorngiven= |
|authorn-given= | |
|authorlast= |
|author-last= | |
|authorlastn= |
|author-lastn= | |
|authornlast= |
|authorn-last= | |
|authormask= |
|author-mask= |
January 2021 |
|authormaskn= |
|author-maskn= |
January 2021 |
|authornmask= |
|authorn-mask= |
January 2021 |
|authorsurname= |
|author-surname= |
October 2020 |
|authorsurnamen= |
|author-surnamen= | |
|authornsurname= |
|authorn-surname= | |
|booktitle= |
|book-title= |
May 2021 |
|chapterurl= |
|chapter-url= |
May 2021 |
|conferenceurl= |
|conference-url= |
April 2021 |
|contributionurl= |
|contribution-url= |
April 2021 |
|deadurl=yes |
|url-status=dead |
September 2019 |
|dead-url=yes | ||
|displayauthors= |
|display-authors= |
January 2021 |
|displayeditors= |
|display-editors= |
October 2020 |
|doi-broken= |
|doi-broken-date= | |
|doi-inactive-date= |
|doi-broken-date= | |
|editorfirst= |
|editor-first= | |
|editorfirstn= |
|editor-firstn= | |
|editornfirst= |
|editorn-first= | |
|editorgiven= |
|editor-given= | |
|editorgivenn= |
|editor-givenn= | |
|editorngiven= |
|editorn-given= | |
|editorlast= |
|editor-last= | |
|editorlastn= |
|editor-lastn= | |
|editornlast= |
|editorn-last= | |
|editorlink= |
|editor-link= |
January 2021 |
|editorlinkn= |
|editor-linkn= |
January 2021 |
|editornlink= |
|editorn-link= |
January 2021 |
|editors= |
|editor= (one editor) or |editorn= (more than one editor) or |veditors= (for Vancouver style editors). Consider splitting |editorn= into |editor-firstn= and |editor-lastn= , if possible. Consider |editor-maskn= , if annotation is required. |
January 2021 |
|editorsurname= |
|editor-surname= |
October 2020 |
|editorsurnamen= |
|editor-surnamen= | |
|editornsurname= |
|editorn-surname= | |
|editormask= |
|editor-mask= | |
|editormaskn= |
|editor-maskn= | |
|editornmask= |
|editorn-mask= | |
|embargo= |
|pmc-embargo-date= | |
|episodelink= |
|episode-link= |
May 2021 |
|event-format= |
(delete) | January 2021 |
|eventurl= |
(delete) | |
|event-url= |
(delete) | |
|ignoreisbnerror= |
|isbn=((<isbn>)) |
October 2020 |
|ignore-isbn-error= |
|isbn=((<isbn>)) |
January 2021 |
|interviewerlink= |
|interviewer-link= |
October 2020 |
|interviewerlinkn= |
|interviewer-linkn= | |
|interviewernlink= |
|interviewern-link= | |
|interviewermask= |
|interviewer-mask= | |
|interviewermaskn= |
|interviewer-maskn= | |
|interviewernmask= |
|interviewern-mask= | |
|last-author-amp= |
|name-list-style=amp |
January 2021 |
|lastauthoramp= |
|name-list-style=amp | |
|laydate= |
|lay-date= |
April 2021 |
|laysource= |
|lay-source= | |
|layurl= |
|lay-url= | |
|mailinglist= |
|mailing-list= |
May 2021 |
|mapurl= |
|map-url= | |
|name-list-format= |
|name-list-style= |
April 2021 |
|nocat= |
|no-tracking= |
January 2021 |
|no-cat= |
|no-tracking= |
October 2020 |
|nopp= |
|no-pp= |
May 2021 |
|notracking= |
|no-tracking= |
October 2020 |
|publicationdate= |
|publication-date= |
May 2021 |
|publicationplace= |
|publication-place= | |
|registration= |
|url-access=registration |
January 2020 |
|sectionurl= |
|section-url= |
April 2021 |
|serieslink= |
|series-link= |
May 2021 |
|seriesno= |
|series-no= |
April 2021 |
|seriesnumber= |
|series-number= |
January 2021 |
|series-separator= |
(delete) | October 2020 |
|subjectlink= |
|subject-link= |
January 2021 |
|subjectlinkn= |
|subject-linkn= | |
|subjectnlink= |
|subjectn-link= | |
|subscription= |
|url-access=subscription |
January 2020 |
|timecaption= |
|time-caption= |
April 2021 |
|titlelink= |
|title-link= |
April 2021 |
|transcripturl= |
|transcript-url= |
|author=Bono
). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
|first1=...
|last1=...
|author2=...
.amp
, ampersand
, or &
, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and
, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vanc
displays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last
/first
forms of name parameters.|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
|vauthors=
as described above|editor-first1=...
|editor-last1=...
|editor2=...
.amp
, ampersand
, or &
, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and
, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vanc
displays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last
/first
forms of name parameters.|veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
|veditors=
, as described above
... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
newline | [ | ] | | |
---|---|---|---|
space | [ | ] | {{!}} (preferred) |
{{bracket|text}} | | or {{pipe}} – |
... |chapter=Tōkyō tawā |script-chapter=ja:東京タワー |trans-chapter=Tokyo Tower ...
none
can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.|language=ru
; |lang=fr, pt-br
; |lang=Russian
; |language=French, Portuguese
. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang{{sfn}}
links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. c.
", like this: |date=c. 1900
.
|date=n.d.
created
or updated
date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01
can be added.|date=
, |publication-date=
, |access-date=
, |archive-date=
, etc.) except for |orig-date=
in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}}
or {{use mdy dates}}
template. See those templates' documentation for details.|date=
parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met:
|date=
format is YYYY-MM-DD.CITEREF
disambiguator.|orig-date=First published 1859
or |orig-date=Composed 1904
. As |orig-date=
does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df=
(or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates=
of a {{use dmy dates}}
or {{use mdy dates}}
template), or as used in the |date=
parameter. Alias: orig-yeardmy
– set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;mdy
– as above for month day, year formatymd
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DDdmy-all
– set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;mdy-all
– as above for month day, year formatymd-all
– as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD{{cite journal}}
and {{cite magazine}}
): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If script-work is defined, use work to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-work. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical, website. Use Latin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard Romanization in this field.
... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ...
|issue=2, ''Modern Canadian Literature''
. Please choose either |issue=
or |number=
depending on what is used in the actual publication. If a publication carries both issue and number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example |issue=2 #143
. Displayed in parentheses following volume.|edition=2nd
produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.|page=
or |pages=
, but not both. Displays preceded by p.
unless |no-pp=yes
. If hyphenated, use {{Hyphen}}
to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12
), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12
to |pages=3{{ndash}}12
. Alias: p.|page=
or |pages=
, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp.
unless |no-pp=yes
. |pages=
without processing it, and use {{Hyphen}}
to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))
. Alternatively, use |at=
, like this: |at=pp. 3-1–3-15
. Alias: pp.
p.
or pp.
notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover
or |pages=passim
.|page=
or |pages=
. Use only one of |page=
, |pages=
, or |at=
.|quote-page=
and |quote-pages=
used in conjunction with |quote=
, see here.
#ixzz2rBr3aO94
or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=...
. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn=
or |oclc=
to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
{{use dmy dates}}
and {{use mdy dates}}
. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate.|url-status=live
) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl.
{{use dmy dates}}
and {{use mdy dates}}
. Alias: archivedate.|url-status=
parameter should only be included if an |archive-url=
is set (dead links without an archive URL can be marked with {{Dead link}}
). If |url-status=
is omitted, or is specified with a null value, the default value is |url-status=dead
. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |url-status=live
; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. |url-status=deviated
. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit
or |url-status=usurped
suppresses display of the original URL (but |url=
and |archive-url=
are still required).URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http://
and https://
will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://
, gopher://
, irc://
, ircs://
, mailto:
and news:
may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.
If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20
. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
Character | space | " | ' | < | > | [ | ] | { | | | } |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Encoding | %20 | %22 | %27 | %3C | %3E | %5B | %5D | %7B | %7C | %7D |
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
|ref=ID
generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of wikilinks to full references, especially useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing.
|id=NCJ 122967
will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}}
to append NCJ 122967 instead.The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822
or |pmc=345678
.
|arxiv=hep-th/9205027
(before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001
(April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001
(since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint.|asin=B00005N5PF
. Aliases: ASIN.
ae
, au
, br
, ca
, cn
, de
, es
, fr
, in
, it
, jp
, mx
, nl
, pl
, sa
, se
, sg
, tr
, uk
. Aliases: none.1974AJ.....79..819H
. Aliases: none.10.1101/078733
for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400
for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.10.1.1.176.341
for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.10.1038/news070508-7
. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.
). Aliases: DOI.
|eissn=1557-2986
. Aliases: EISSN.
|hdl=20.1000/100
. Aliases: HDL.978-0-8126-9593-9
. Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN.
979-0-9016791-7-7
. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN.|issn=2049-3630
. Aliases: ISSN.
|jfm=53.0144.01
. Aliases: JFM.|jstor=3793107
. Aliases: JSTOR.|lccn=79-57364
or |lccn=2004042477
or |lccn=e09001178
. Aliases: LCCN.|mr=630583
. Aliases: MR.|oclc=9355469
. Aliases: OCLC.|ol=7030731M
. Aliases: OL.|osti=4367507
. Aliases: OSTI.|pmc=345678
. Do not include "PMC" in the value. . Aliases: PMC.
|pmid=17322060
Aliases: PMID.|rfc=3143
. Aliases: RFC.|sbn=356-02201-3
. Aliases: SBN.
|ssrn=1900856
. Aliases: SSRN.|s2cid=37220927
. Aliases: S2CID.|zbl=0472.53010
For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02
use |jfm=35.0387.02
. Aliases: ZBL.In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=
, |eissn=
, |isbn=
, |issn=
, and |sbn=
) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))
). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.
For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access=
parameter.
For {{Cite journal}}
, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url=
and |title-link=
are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link=
to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc
or |title-link=doi
) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none
).
It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url=
parameter (or |title-link=
) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.
... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
|quote=
. Use either |quote-page=
or |quote-pages=
, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=
, |pages=
or |at=
. Displays preceded by p.
unless |no-pp=yes
. If hyphenated, use {{Hyphen}}
to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12
). Alias: none.|quote=
. Use either |quote-page=
or |quote-pages=
, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages=
or |at=
. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp.
unless |no-pp=yes
is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages=
without processing it, and use {{Hyphen}}
to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15))
. Alias: none.These parameters are deprecated. If the source that they name is important to the Wikipedia article, create a separate cs1|2 template for that source.
|mode=cs1
, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.
); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2
, element separator is a comma (,
); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.{{reflist}}
, <references />
or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=
) to apply the mask to a specific name.|display-authors=2
will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of editors). Likewise, |display-editors=2
will display only the first two editors (and all authors). |display-authors=0
and |display-editors=0
are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or editors including the et al. By default, all authors and editors are displayed. |display-authors=etal
displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.|postscript=
is ignored if quote is defined.Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles.
Four access levels can be used:
free
: the source is free to read for anyoneregistration
: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registrationlimited
: there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views) to freely access this sourcesubscription
: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall")As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.
Online sources linked by |url=
, |article-url=
, |chapter-url=
, |contribution-url=
, |entry-url=
, |map-url=
, and |section-url=
are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as free
.
URL | Access | Allowed keywords |
---|---|---|
|url= |
|url-access= | registration limited subscription |
|article-url= |
|article-url-access= | |
|chapter-url= |
|chapter-url-access= | |
|contribution-url= |
|contribution-url-access= | |
|entry-url= |
|entry-url-access= | |
|map-url= |
|map-url-access= | |
|section-url= |
|section-url-access= |
For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:
which renders as:
Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited
, registration
, or subscription
.
Identifier | Access | Allowed keywords |
---|---|---|
|bibcode= |
|bibcode-access= | free |
|doi= |
|doi-access= | |
|hdl= |
|hdl-access= | |
|jstor= |
|jstor-access= | |
|ol= |
|ol-access= | |
|osti= |
|osti-access= | |
|s2cid= |
|s2cid-access= |
Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:
|arxiv=
|biorxiv=
|citeseerx=
|pmc=
|rfc=
|ssrn=
For embargoed pmc that will become available in the future, see pmc-embargo-date.
Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name. | {{Citation | last1 = Lincoln | first1 = A. | last2 = Washington | first2 = G. | last3 = Adams | first3 = J. | lastauthoramp = yes | title = All the Presidents' Names | publisher = The Pentagon | place = Home Base, New York | volume = XII | edition = 2nd | year = 2007 }} |
Lincoln, A.; Washington, G.; Adams, J. (2007), All the Presidents' Names, vol. XII (2nd ed.), Home Base, New York: The Pentagon {{citation}} : Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (help) |
Web page | {{Citation | url = http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/ | title = NPS Focus | work = National Register of Historic Places | publisher = [[National Park Service]] | accessdate = November 30, 2010 }} |
"NPS Focus", National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, retrieved November 30, 2010 |
Archived page | {{Citation | url = http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | title = Earth's Atmosphere | accessdate = October 25, 2007 | publisher = [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] | year = 1995 | author = NASA | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http:// liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html | archivedate = October 13, 2007 }} |
NASA (1995), Earth's Atmosphere, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, archived from the original on October 13, 2007, retrieved October 25, 2007 |
Journal article | {{Citation | last = Hill | first = Marvin S. | title = Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 12 | issue = 2 | year = 1976 | pages = 1–8 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf }} |
Hill, Marvin S. (1976), "Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties" (PDF), BYU Studies, 12 (2): 1–8 |
Journal article with multiple authors and identifier | {{Citation | last1 = Mandelkern | first1 = M, | last2 = Elias | first2 = J, | last3 = Eden | first3 = D, | last4 = Crothers | first4 = D | display-authors = 2 | title = The dimensions of DNA in solution | journal = J Mol Biol | volume = 152 | issue = 1 | pages = 153–61 | year = 1981 | pmid = 7338906 | doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1 }} |
Mandelkern, M,; Elias, J,; et al. (1981), "The dimensions of DNA in solution", J Mol Biol, 152 (1): 153–61, doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1, PMID 7338906{{citation}} : CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) |
Newspaper article | {{Citation | last = Smith | first = Joseph III | author-link = Joseph Smith III | title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma | newspaper = The Saints' Herald | publication-place = Plano, IL | volume = 26 | issue = 19 | date = October 1, 1879 | year = 1879 | page = 289 | url = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/ IL/sain1872.htm#100179 }} |
Smith, Joseph III (October 1, 1879), "Last Testimony of Sister Emma", The Saints' Herald, Plano, IL, vol. 26, no. 19, p. 289{{citation}} : CS1 maint: date and year (link) |
Conference paper | {{Citation | last = Sullivan | first = D.B. | contribution = Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years | year = 2001 | title = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp. | publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology | url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf | format = PDF }} |
Sullivan, D.B. (2001), "Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years", 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp. (PDF), National Institute of Standards and Technology |
Manuscript published in an edited compilation | {{Citation | last = Bidamon | first = Emma Smith | author-link = Emma Hale Smith | chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim | date = March 27, 1876 | year = 1876 | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | publication-date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }} |
Bidamon, Emma Smith (March 27, 1876), "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim", in Vogel, Dan (ed.), Early Mormon Documents, vol. 1, Signature Books (published 1996), ISBN 1-56085-072-8{{citation}} : CS1 maint: date and year (link) |
Work with an editor but no author | {{Citation | editor-last = Vogel | editor-first = Dan | title = Early Mormon Documents | volume = 1 | publisher = Signature Books | publication-date = 1996 | isbn = 1-56085-072-8 }} |
Vogel, Dan, ed. (1996), Early Mormon Documents, vol. 1, Signature Books, ISBN 1-56085-072-8 |
Encyclopedia article by a named author | {{Citation | last = Kramer | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kramer | contribution = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | place = London | publication-date = 1999 | contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/ martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }} |
Kramer, Martin (1999), "Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley (ed.), Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720 |
Encyclopedia article with no named author | {{Citation | contribution = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | title = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | place = London | year = 1999 | contribution-url = http://www.geocities.com/ martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm }} |
Boyd, Kelley, ed. (1999), "Bernard Lewis", Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720 |
Manuscript edited and published in a journal | {{Citation | last = Knight | first = Joseph, Sr. | year = 1833 | editor-last = Jessee | editor-first = Dean | title = Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History | journal = BYU Studies | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | publication-date = 1976 | page = 35 | url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf }} |
Knight, Joseph, Sr. (1833), Jessee, Dean (ed.), "Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History" (PDF), BYU Studies (published 1976), 17 (1): 35{{citation}} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) |
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor. | {{Citation | last = Klingensmith | first = Philip | contribution = Affidavit | year = 1872 | date = September 5, 1872 | place = Lincoln County, Nevada | title = Mountain Meadows Massacre | editor-last = Toohy | editor-first = Dennis J. | journal = Corinne Daily Reporter | publication-date = September 24, 1872 | publication-place = Corinne, Utah | volume = 5 | issue = 252 | page = 1 | contribution-url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359 }} |
Klingensmith, Philip (September 5, 1872), written at Lincoln County, Nevada, Toohy, Dennis J. (ed.), "Mountain Meadows Massacre", Corinne Daily Reporter, Corinne, Utah (published September 24, 1872), 5 (252): 1 {{citation}} : |contribution= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) |
Press release with quotation | {{Citation | url = http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html | title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day | publisher = Apple Inc | accessdate = April 10, 2010 | quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3}} |
Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day, Apple Inc, retrieved April 10, 2010, in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3 |
{{Citation | inventor-last = | inventor-first = | inventorlink = | inventor2-last = | inventor2-first = | inventorlink2 = | publication-date = | issue-date = | title = | country-code = | description = | patent-number = | ref = }} |
|
United States patent with multiple inventors | {{Citation | inventor1-last = Degermark | inventor1-first = Mikael | inventor2-last = Brodnik | inventor2-first = Andrej | inventor3-last = Carlsson | inventor3-first = Svante | inventor4-last = Pink | inventor4-first = Stephen | title = Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams | issue-date = 2001 | patent-number = 6266706 | country-code = US}} |
Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams {{citation}} : Unknown parameter |country-code= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor1-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor1-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor2-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor3-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor3-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor4-first= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |inventor4-last= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |issue-date= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |patent-number= ignored (help) |
This template can generate a citation that can be combined with shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing. It does this by creating an HTML anchor containing an ID. The special parameter |ref=harv
generates an ID suitable for Harvard referencing templates such as {{Harv}}
as specified in the next section; this is the default for the {{Citation}}
template. To disable anchor generation, specify |ref=none
– leaving |ref=
empty has the same effect but is ambiguous; this is the default for the Cite templates such as {{Cite book}}
and {{Cite news}}
. You can also specify the ID directly, using the |ref=ID
parameter. For example, suppose an article's References section contains the markup:
{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |year=1930 |ref=CivDis}}
which generates the citation:
Then, the markup "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])
" generates a parenthetical reference "(Freud 1930)" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).
IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as {{Harv}}
are computed from the last names of the authors and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}
" generates the Harvard reference "(Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix)", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:
{{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |year=1851 |oclc=59510372}}
In this example the {{Citation}}
template defines, and the {{Harv}}
template uses, the HTML ID "CITEREFWrightEvans1851
", composed by concatenating the string "CITEREF
" with the last names of the authors and the year. The {{Harvid}}
template can be used to generate such IDs, for example, {{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}}
generates "CITEREFWrightEvans1851
".
Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the {{Harvnb}}
template enclosed in the <ref></ref> html code, or to use the {{Sfn}}
template alone. The example above would be <ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref>
or {{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}
both of which generate a footnote, such as
The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead. For patents, inventor names are used instead of authors or editors. If these names are not given, this template does not generate an anchor.
Last names are used, as specified by the parameters |last1=
(or |last=
), |last2=
, |last3=
, and |last4=
, and similarly for |editor1-last=
etc. and for |inventor1-last=
etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "{{Citation | author = Sigmund Freud | title = The Ego and the Id | year = 1923}}
" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "{{harv|Freud|1923}}
". To make these {{Citation}}
and {{Harv}}
invocations compatible, either replace "|author=Sigmund Freud
" with "|first=Sigmund
|last=Freud
", or add "|ref={{harvid|Freud|1923}}
" to the {{Citation}}
invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "|ref=EgoId
") to both the {{Citation}}
and the {{Harv}}
invocations.
Similarly, the year is used, as specified by |year=
. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from |date=
(or, if no date is given, from |publication-date=
) by applying the MediaWiki#time function. This heuristic works with many common date formats (American, International and ISO 8601 standard format YYYY-MM-DD as listed in WP:MOS), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use |year=
. Note that if only a year, say 2005, is known you must use |year=2005
rather than |date=2005
.
Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with {{Harv}}
-compatible IDs:
If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "CITEREFMontesHalterman2008
". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g., "|year=2008a
" and "|year=2008b
", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.
It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using the W3C Markup Validation Service; see External links.
See Wikipedia:Citing sources#Citation templates and tools for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format.
This template data section needs to be edited. It includes deprecated parameters and does not include parameters that were added in the Lua updates. It also includes a mix of patent and non-patent parameters. |
TemplateData for Citation
ಪರಿಮಿತಿ | ವಿವರ | ನಮೂನೆ | ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ | |
---|---|---|---|---|
author surname | last | surname of the author of the cited material | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
author given name | first | given name (first name) of the author of the cited material | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
title of source | title | Title of source; displays in italics. | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
date of source | date | Full date of source being referenced in the same format as other publication dates in the citations.[1] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher. | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
url of source | url | URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
1 | 1 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
2 | 2 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
3 | 3 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor-surname | inventor-surname | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor1-surname | inventor1-surname | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor-last | inventor-last | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor1-last | inventor1-last | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor | inventor | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
invent1 | invent1 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
invent-1 | invent-1 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
country-code | country-code | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor2-surname | inventor2-surname | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor2-last | inventor2-last | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor2 | inventor2 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
invent2 | invent2 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor3-surname | inventor3-surname | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor3-last | inventor3-last | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor3 | inventor3 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
invent3 | invent3 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor4-surname | inventor4-surname | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor4-last | inventor4-last | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor4 | inventor4 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
invent4 | invent4 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor-given | inventor-given | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor1-given | inventor1-given | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor-first | inventor-first | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor1-first | inventor1-first | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor2-given | inventor2-given | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor2-first | inventor2-first | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor3-given | inventor3-given | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor3-first | inventor3-first | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor4-given | inventor4-given | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventor4-first | inventor4-first | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventorlink1 | inventorlink1 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventorlink | inventorlink | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventorlink2 | inventorlink2 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventorlink3 | inventorlink3 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
inventorlink4 | inventorlink4 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
country | country | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
publication-number | publication-number | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
patent-number | patent-number | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
number | number | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
description | description | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
status | status | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
publication-date | publication-date | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
pubdate | pubdate | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
issue-date | issue-date | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
gdate | gdate | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
year | year | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
fdate | fdate | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
pridate | pridate | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
assign1 | assign1 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
assign2 | assign2 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
ref | ref | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
separator | separator | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
quote | quote | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
postscript | postscript | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author-separator | author-separator | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author-mask | author-mask | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
authormask | authormask | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
surname | surname | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
last1 | last1 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
surname1 | surname1 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author1 | author1 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author | author | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
authors | authors | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
last2 | last2 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
surname2 | surname2 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author2 | author2 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
last3 | last3 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
surname3 | surname3 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author3 | author3 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
last4 | last4 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
surname4 | surname4 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author4 | author4 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
last5 | last5 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
surname5 | surname5 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author5 | author5 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
last6 | last6 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
surname6 | surname6 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author6 | author6 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
last7 | last7 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
surname7 | surname7 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author7 | author7 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
last8 | last8 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
surname8 | surname8 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author8 | author8 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
last9 | last9 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
surname9 | surname9 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author9 | author9 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
first1 | first1 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
given1 | given1 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
given | given | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
first2 | first2 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
given2 | given2 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
first3 | first3 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
given3 | given3 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
first4 | first4 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
given4 | given4 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
first5 | first5 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
given5 | given5 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
first6 | first6 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
given6 | given6 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
first7 | first7 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
given7 | given7 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
first8 | first8 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
given8 | given8 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
first9 | first9 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
given9 | given9 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author-link | author-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author1-link | author1-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
authorlink | authorlink | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
authorlink1 | authorlink1 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author2-link | author2-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
authorlink2 | authorlink2 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author3-link | author3-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
authorlink3 | authorlink3 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author4-link | author4-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
authorlink4 | authorlink4 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author5-link | author5-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
authorlink5 | authorlink5 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author6-link | author6-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
authorlink6 | authorlink6 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author7-link | author7-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
authorlink7 | authorlink7 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author8-link | author8-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
authorlink8 | authorlink8 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author9-link | author9-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
authorlink9 | authorlink9 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
coauthor | coauthor | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
coauthors | coauthors | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
origyear | origyear | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
month | month | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
trans_chapter | trans_chapter | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
trans_title | trans_title | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
type | type | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
archiveurl | archiveurl | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
deadurl | deadurl | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
series | series | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
version | version | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
journal | journal | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
periodical | periodical | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
newspaper | newspaper | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
magazine | magazine | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
work | work | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
volume | volume | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
issue | issue | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
pages | pages | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
page | page | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
at | at | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
nopp | nopp | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
chapter | chapter | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
contribution | contribution | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
chapter-url | chapter-url | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
chapterurl | chapterurl | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
contribution-url | contribution-url | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
others | others | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
edition | edition | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
place | place | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
location | location | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
publication-place | publication-place | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
publisher | publisher | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor-last | editor-last | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor-surname | editor-surname | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor1-last | editor1-last | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor1-surname | editor1-surname | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor1 | editor1 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor | editor | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editors | editors | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor2-last | editor2-last | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor2-surname | editor2-surname | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor2 | editor2 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor3-last | editor3-last | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor3-surname | editor3-surname | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor3 | editor3 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor4-last | editor4-last | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor4-surname | editor4-surname | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor4 | editor4 | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor-first | editor-first | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor-given | editor-given | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor1-first | editor1-first | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor1-given | editor1-given | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor2-first | editor2-first | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor2-given | editor2-given | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor3-first | editor3-first | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor3-given | editor3-given | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor4-first | editor4-first | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor4-given | editor4-given | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor-link | editor-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor1-link | editor1-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor2-link | editor2-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor3-link | editor3-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
editor4-link | editor4-link | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
language | language | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
in | in | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
format | format | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
arxiv | arxiv | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
asin | asin | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
ASIN | ASIN | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
asin-tld | asin-tld | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
bibcode | bibcode | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
doi | doi | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
DOI | DOI | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
doi_inactivedate | doi_inactivedate | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
doi_brokendate | doi_brokendate | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
isbn | isbn | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
ISBN | ISBN | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
issn | issn | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
ISSN | ISSN | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
jfm | jfm | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
JFM | JFM | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
jstor | jstor | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
JSTOR | JSTOR | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
lccn | lccn | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
LCCN | LCCN | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
mr | mr | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
MR | MR | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
oclc | oclc | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
OCLC | OCLC | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
ol | ol | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
OL | OL | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
osti | osti | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
OSTI | OSTI | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
pmc | pmc | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
PMC | PMC | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
pmid | pmid | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
PMID | PMID | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
rfc | rfc | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
RFC | RFC | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
ssrn | ssrn | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
SSRN | SSRN | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
zbl | zbl | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
id | id | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
ID | ID | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
access-date | access-date | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
accessdate | accessdate | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
laysummary | laysummary | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
laysource | laysource | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
laydate | laydate | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
author-name-separator | author-name-separator | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
lastauthoramp | lastauthoramp | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
display-authors | display-authors | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ | |
archivedate | archivedate | String | ಐಚ್ಛಿಕ |
This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.
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