Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie

VOC cekakan saka Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie iku firma Walanda kang diadegaké tanggal 20 Maret 1602.^[9] Tembung Walanda Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie iku tegesé "Sarékat Dagang Hindhia-Wétan".^[10] Firma dagang iki diarani Wétan amarga uga ana VWC utawa sarékat dagang kulon.^[11] Firma iki kang kapisan ngetokaké saham.^[11] VOC nduwé cabang-cabang,kang cacahé 6 (Kamers) ing Amsterdam, Midlleburg (mirunggan Zealand), Enkhuizen, Delfi, Hoorn, lan Rotterdam.^[12] Delegasi sakaruang iki ngumpul minangka Heeren XVII (XVII Tuan-Tuan).Kamers nyumbang wakil ing pitulas padha karo proporsi modale kang dibayarke;wakil Amsterdam cacahé wolu.^[13] Ana ing Indonésia,VOC nduwé sebutan populèr Kompeni utawa Kumpeni.^[13] Istilah iki dijupuk saka tembung Compagnie ing jeroné jeneng dawa perusahaan iku ing basa Walanda.^[13] Nanging rakyat Nuswantara luwih ngerti yèn Kompeni iku wadya Walanda amarga sok gawé rakyat cilaka saka kabèh penindasan kang dilakokake.^[13]

Perusahaan Hindia Wétan

Logo VOC
Gendéra VOC
Native name	Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (popular name) Generale Vereenichde Geoctrooieerde Compagnie (original name) Vereenigde Nederlandsche Geoctroyeerde Oostindische Compagnie (formal name)
Type	Publicly traded company
Industry	Proto-conglomerate[lower-alpha 1]
Predecessor	Indhiya Nèderlan
Founded	20 Maret 1602 (1602-03-20),[8] by a government-directed amalgamation of the voorcompagnieën/pre-companies
Founder	Johan van Oldenbarnevelt and the States-General
Defunct	1800 (1800)
Fate	Dissolved
Headquarters	Amsterdam, Dutch Republic (global headquarters) Batavia, Dutch East Indies (second headquarters / overseas administrative center)
Area served	Eurasia (active mainly in Greater India and the Asia-Pacific region) Southern Africa
Key people	Heeren XVII/Gentlemen Seventeen[lower-alpha 2] (Dutch Republic, 1602–1799) Governors-General of the Dutch East Indies[lower-alpha 3] (Batavia, 1610–1800)
Products	Spices,[2] silk, porcelain, metals, livestock, tea, grain, rice, soybeans, sugarcane,[3][4] wine,[5][6][7] coffee

Logo VOC

Tujuane VOC

a. Kanggo nyegah saingan kang ora sehat ing antarane bakul saka Walanda dhewe.

b. Manunggalake bakul Walanda kanggo saingan marang bakul Éropa liyane.

c. Nggoleki bathi kang sagedhe-gedhene kanggo mbiayai perang mungsuh Spanyol.

Hak istiméwa

VOC iku kongsi adol tinuku kang nduweni wewenang kaya pamrentah, mula VOC mujudi organisasi kang "semi pamrentah". Mula saka iku VOC diwenehi hak-hak istimewa (oktrooi) saka Keraton Walanda, kaya ing ngisor iki.

a. Hak monopoli adol tinuku.

b. Hak nggawe tentara.

c. Hak nggawe beteng.

d. Hak nggawe duwit.

e. Hak nggawe prajanjen marang pamrentah pribumi sandhuwure asma pamrentah Walanda.

Salah sijining saham Perusahaan Hindia Wétan Walanda, tanggal 7 November 1623, kanggo jumlah 2.400 florin

Bubaré VOC

Ana ing tengah-tengah abad 18,VOC ndadak dibubaraké déning pamaréntah Walanda.^[12] Bubare VOC jalaran alesan ing ngisor iki ^[12]:

• Akèh punggawa VOC kang curang lan nindakaké korupsi
• Akèh biayakang dienggo lan jarang ana sumber pendapatan. Biaya kang diwetokake yaiku biaya kanggo paprangan nglawan perjuangan kaum pribumi. Tuladhané perang nglawan Hasanuddin saka kraton Gowa
• Akèh biaya kanggo nggaji punggawa mergane kekuasaan nuswantara kang jembar mesti butuh punggawa akèh lan wragad kanggo mbayar pegawénen mau.
• Pembayaran Devident (keuntungan) kanggo kang nyekel saham mèlu nggawé abot sawisé pemasukan VOC suda akèh
• Tambahe saingan dagang ing Asia mligi Inggris lan Prancis
• Pangowahan kondhisi pulitik ing Walanda amarga ngadege Républik Bataaf 1795 kang demokratis lan liberal kang nganjurake perdagangan bébas.

Nganggo alesan ing dhuwur mau tanggal 31 Dhésèmber 1799 dalah 136,7 juta gulden lan pasugihan kang diditinggal wujud kantor dagang, gudang, bètèng, kapal sarta laladan kekuasaan ing Indonésia^[14][15].

Cathetan suku

3. Shih, Chih-Ming; Yen, Szu-Yin (2009). The Transformation of the Sugar Industry and Land Use Policy in Taiwan, in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering [8:1], pp. 41–48
4. Tseng, Hua-pi (2016). Sugar Cane and the Environment under Dutch Rule in Seventeenth Century Taiwan, in Environmental History in the Making, pp. 189–200
5. Estreicher, Stefan K. (2014), 'A Brief History of Wine in South Africa,'. European Review 22(3): pp. 504–537. doi:10.1017/S1062798714000301
6. Fourie, Johan; von Fintel, Dieter (2014), 'Settler Skills and Colonial Development: The Huguenot Wine-Makers in Eighteenth-Century Dutch South Africa,'. The Economic History Review 67(4): 932–963. doi:10.1111/1468-0289.12033
7. Williams, Gavin (2016), 'Slaves, Workers, and Wine: The 'Dop System' in the History of the Cape Wine Industry, 1658–1894,'. Journal of Southern African Studies 42(5): 893–909
8. "The Dutch East India Company (VOC)". Canon van Nederland. Diarsip saka sing asli ing 1 December 2010. Dibukak ing 19 March 2011.
9. netsains.com Archived 2010-12-30 at the Wayback Machine.(dipunundhuh tanggal 23 mei 2011)
10. www.blimbing.nl Archived 2011-10-19 at the Wayback Machine.(dipunundhuh tanggal 23 Mèi 2011)
11. www.scribd.com^{[pranala mati permanèn]}(dipunundhuh tanggal 23 mei 2011)
12. Mencicipi petualangan - Sejarah rempah-rempah www.economist.com The Economist, 17 Dhésèmber 1998](dipunundhuh tanggal 23 mei 2011)
13. Saham tertua di dunia (VOC 1606)(dipunundhuh tanggal 23 Mèi 2011)
14. id.shvoong.com^{[pranala mati permanèn]}(dipunundhuh tanggal 23 Mèi 2011)
15. www.wikimu.com Archived 2012-11-05 at the Wayback Machine.(dipunundhuh 23 mei 2011)

1. Historically, the Dutch East India Company was a multinational proto-conglomerate (including international trade,^[1] shipbuilding, spice production and trade,^[2] sugarcane industry,^[3][4] wine industry^[5][6][7]) rather than a pure trading company or shipping company.
2. As the VOC's board of directors
3. As the VOC's de facto chief executives