From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jeneng utawa aran yaiku sebutan utawa label sing diwènèhaké marang barang, manungsa, panggonan, prodhuk (upamané mèrek prodhuk) lan malah gagasan utawa konsèp, sing lumrahé dipigunakaké kanggo mbédakaké siji lan sijiné. Jeneng bisa dianggo ngenali saklompok utawa mung sawiji barang.
Jeneng manungsa lumrahé kapérang dadi jeneng ngarep lan jeneng kulawarga (marga), contoné Ali Wijaya, Ali iku jeneng ngarep déné Wijaya iku margané. Sanajan mangkono, ana uga budaya-budaya sing ora mengenal konsèp mau. Ana uga jeneng undang-undangan sing dadi jeneng mligi sing dipigunakaké sajeroning ngbapaki sosialisasi.
Ana akèh cara kanggo nyusun sawijining jeneng, gumantung marang budaya saenggon lan basa saenggon lan lumrahé wujud kombinasi saka
sing bisa disusun dadi akèh kombinasi:
Pratélan ini mung sapérangan cilik saka variasi sing mungkin dumadi.
Saka sajarah Éropa, akèh-akèhé wong wiwitané migunakaké siji jeneng pawèwèh waé, banjur sawisé gunggung wong sing mawa jeneng padha tansaya akèh ing siji tlatah, jeneng kulawarga ditambahkan kanggo mbédakaké wong-wong sing mawa jeneng padha. Sawisé tansaya akèh wong sing mawa jeneng ngarep lan jeneng kulawarga padha, mula wong banjur nambahaké jeneng tengah, siji jeneng, sabanjuré loro jeneng, lan sabanjuré.
Ing Inggris lan AS, wong biyasa disapa nganggo jeneng ngarepé. Ing Jerman, wong biyasa diundang nganggo jeneng tengahé. Ing nagara-nagara Asia Wétan lan Honggari, jeneng kulawarga didèlèh ing ngarep, lan sajeroning kasus jeneng Tionghoa, mung ana jeneng kulawarga sajeroning cacah sing winates, sing gawé atusan nganti éwon wong sing duwé jeneng sing persis padha.
Jeneng Inggris iku jeneng sing unik sajeroning babagan bisa ditambahaké Sr. (Senior) sawisé jeneng kulawarga kanggo bapak sing mawa jeneng padha karo anaké. Bab iki disebabaké akèh bapak sing péngin anaké (lumrahé sing mbarep) nganggo jenengé lan nerusaké pegawéyané.
Basa Inggris, Spanyol, Portugis, lan sawatara liyané kadhang migunakaké Jr. (Junior) ing pungkasan jeneng kulawarga kanggo anak sing mawa jeneng padha karo bapaké (suwaliké saka Sr..) Jeneng Brasil kadhang migunakaké Neto kanggo "cucu", Sobrinho kanggo "ponakan" lan Júnior kanggo "anak".
Sawetara basa, kaya basa Ruslan, migunakaké panambang jènder kanggo jeneng kulawargané, dadi kanggo keturunan priya ingaran Tuwan Molotov, kanggo keturunan wanita utawa bojo (wanita) ingaran Nyonya Molotova.
Jeneng patronymik iku jeneng sing tegesé sang bapak.
Basa | Andhahan | Conto andhahan |
---|---|---|
Inggris | ||
Peterson, Paterson, | ||
Swèdhen | ||
Tuomas Abrahaminpoika, Martta Heikintytär | ||
Yunani | ||
Cosmopoulus | ||
Ruslan, Slavia | ||
Nikolayevich, Ivanovich, Ivanovna, Milla Jovovich* | ||
Polen | ||
Jaruzelski | ||
Rumania | ||
Petrescu | ||
Sekotlan | Mac-*, Mc-, Nic* (p) | MacDougal, MacMahon, McDonald, McCarthy |
Irlandia | O', Ni | O'Leary, O'Hara |
Wales[1] | ap, ab | ap Gwilym, ap Gruffudd, ap Cynan, ab Owain |
Prancis (Norman) | Fitz- | Fitzgerald, Fitzpatrick, Fitzhugh, Fitzroy |
Spanyol lan Portugis | ||
Rodrigues (Rodrigo), Nunes (Nuno), Jones (Jon), López (Lope), Hernández (Hernando), Álvarez (Álvaro)* | ||
Arab, lan Jawa | bin, binti (p) | bin Laden, bin Khaldun, bin Slamet, binti Rahmat |
Yahudi | ben, bar, bat (p) | ben Sirakh, ben Hur, bar Jonah, bar Ilan, Batsyeba |
Basa Aram | Bar | Bartolomeus, Barnabas, Bartimeus |
(ejaan Inggris), Malaysia | ibn, ibni | ibn Maryam, ibn Abihi |
Basa Inggris wis mem'fosil'aké sistem patronymik, bapak Robert Louis Stevenson durung mesthi mawa jeneng Steven, bisa waé Joe. Basa Arab, Basa Ibrani, Basa Èslan, lan sawatara liyané, isih migunakaké jeneng patronymik sing anyar kanggo saben génerasi, upamané Robert Louis Stevenson duwé anak sing dijenengi John Robertson, sing banjur duwé anak sing mawa jeneng Thomas Johnson, lan sabanjuré. Saben wong duwé jeneng mburi sing béda-béda
Basa Ruslan migunakaké patronymik saéngga katurunané isih duwé jeneng mburi/jeneng kulawarga sing padha. Cara iku kanthi nulisaké jeneng patronymik minangka jeneng tengah, jadi putra Ivan duwé jeneng tengah Ivanovich, lan putri Ivan duwé jeneng tengah Ivanovna.
Basa Spanyol lan Basa Portugis luwih adil marang ibu sing ngandhut anaké sajeroning sangang sasi. Kaloro basa minangka jeneng pungkasan anaké saka kaloro jeneng kulawargané. Ing Brasil (basa Portugis), jeneng ibu ndhisiki jeneng bapak, jadi ibu Eliana Marcia Villela Gomes Soares duwé jeneng kulawarga Villela, déné bapaké duwé jeneng kulawarga Gomes Soares (Gomes iku jeneng kulawarga ibu bapaké). Basa Spanyol mbalik urutané kanthi mapanaké jeneng bapak sadurungé ibuné.
Isih magepokan karo patronymik, teknonymik lan paedonymik iku sistem ing ngendi wong tuwa anak dijenengaké miturut anaké. Sajeroning basa Arab, wong tuwa bakal misuwur kanthi jeneng "bapak saka" utawa "ibu saka" anak paling tuwané. Ali bin Amir duwé jeneng Ali lan minangka anak saka Amir. Bapaké, si Amir uga ingaran Abu Ali, utawa "bapaké Ali
Ing Indonésia, mligi wong Batak, panggunaan sistem jeneng iki uga kerep dianggo sajeroning undang-undangan sadina-dina, yèn ana undang-undangan Amani Dani, mula dhèwèké iku bapak saka si Dani, utawa yèn ana undang-undangan Ompungni Sari, mula dhèwèké iku simbah kakung saka Sari.
Sawiji jeneng bisa duwé akèh variasi sajeroning berbagai basa, lumrahé kanggo gawé jeneng dadi unik, wong uga gawé variasiné dhéwé marang sawijining jeneng sing wis ana. Jeneng-jeneng sing umum dianggo lumrahé diturunaké saka jeneng wong-wong misuwur ing jaman biyèn, utawa jeneng sing duwé makna mligi (tembung-tembung sing éndah, profèsi wong tuwa, jeneng kebang, lll).
Jeneng sing diturunaké saka jeneng wong-wong ing jaman biyèn lumrahé njupuk sumber saka ajaran agama utawa sajarah sawijining tlatah.
Ing ngisor iki pratélan variasi jeneng sing migunakaké alfabet Latin. Jeneng sing sakira umum tinemu dicithak kandel
Indonésia | variasi liya |
---|---|
Muhammad | Mohammad, Muhammed |
Yusuf | |
Masyhud | Syahidu, Syahidu |
Umar | Kumar |
Abdullah | Abdillah |
Indonésia | Variasi liya | |
---|---|---|
Kristian, Kristin (p), Kris, Kristofer | Christian, Christine (p), Christina, Christiana, Chris, Christopher, Christope, Christo, Cris, Kit, Kristin, Kristen, Kirsten | |
Abraham | Abraham, Abram, Bram, Abiram, Ibrahim, Ebrahim, | |
Andreas, Andi | Andrew, Andy, Drew, André, Andrej, Andrés, Andreo, Andrea, András, Antero | |
Daud | David, Davey, Davie, Davy, Daffy, Duffy, Dafydd, Dewi, Dai, Daf, Taff, Taffy, Dave, Daveth, Davida, Davina (p), Davinia (p), Devin, Dawit, Dwight, | |
Edwin, Edi | Dwardu, Duarte, Ed, Edd, Edward, Edmond, Edmund, Eddie, Eddy, Eduard, Eduardo, Édouard, Edoardo, Eduardus, Edvard, Edwin, Edwina (p), Ned, Neddie, Neddy, Ted, Teddy, Teddie, Ward | |
Eli (l), Elisa, Elisabet, Lisa | Elizabeth, Lizzy, Elisabeth, Liza, Bess, Bessie, Beth, Bette, Betsy, Betty, Elbinard, Eli, Elisa, Elise, Eliza, Ella, Ellie, Elsa, Elsie, Isabel, Izabel, Izzie, Izzy, Libby, Lili, Lilie, Lilla, Lillibet, Lillibeth, Lily, Lisbet, Lisbeth, Liz, Liza, Lizabeth, Lizz, Lizzie, Lizzy | |
Franky, Fransiskus, Fransiska (p) | Frank, Franc, François, Frank, Franck, Franks, Frans, Franz, Franciscus, Francis, Fran, Franci (p), Frances (p), Francine (p), Francesco, Franco, Francesca (p), Francisco, Francisca (p), Paco, Paca (p), Pancho, Cisco, Chico | |
George | Georg, Jord, Jordi, Georges, Giorgio, Georgius, Georg, Jorge, Gheorghe, Gherghina, Georgeta, Gigi, Geta, Yury, Yuri, Iouri, Jorge, Jorgelina, Georgia (p), Georgina (p), Georgiana (p) | |
Henry | Heinrich, Hendy, Hendrik, Enrico, Henri, Enrique, Henrique, Harry, Enric, Henriko, Henricus, Henrijs, Henrik, Hendrik, Hinnerk, Henryk, Henrich, Henrietta (p), Henriques | |
Karel | Carl, Carlo, Carlos, Carles, Carol, Carolus, Cathal, Charl, Charles, Charlie, Charly, Charley, Chaz, Chuck, Chucky, Chuckles, Charlys, Kaarle, Kaarel, Kalle, Karl, Karlis, Karlo, Karol, Karolis, Károly, | |
(bentuk feminim) | Carla, Carol, Carole, Carola, Carolina, Caroline, Carolyn, Charlene/Charlène, Charlotte, Carlota, Carlotta, Karla, Karolina, Karole, Charla | |
Leonard | Leo, Levi, Leonard, Leonardo, Lewis, Louis, Lou, Luis, Ludwig, Clovis, Louys, Luic, Loewy, Loeb, Lourent, Luki, Lluís, Ludvik, Lodewijk, Lewis, Lewes, Lewie, Lew, Ludovic, Ludwig, Lui, Lajos, Luigi, Lodovico, Ludovico, Ludovicus, Aloysius, Ludvig, Leon, Lionheart, Corleone, Leonidas | |
bentuk feminim | Louise, Louisa, Louisiana, Eloise, Heloise, Lisette, Luise, Louella, Luella, Loudella, Ludwika, Luísa/Luiza/Luisa, Luisa, Luigia, Eloisa, Ludovica, Lova | |
Mikael, Miki | Michael, Miguel, Michel, Mikel, Mikhail, Michał, Mike, Mick, Mikiel, Mikey, Mikael, Mic, Mischka, Mickey, Micky, Meik, Maik, Meical, Meic, Michail, Mihail, Michalis, Mihalis, Mischa, Misha, Mikha, Michelle (p), Michaela, Mitchell, Michaelangelo | |
Paulus | Paul, Paula (p), Pauline (p), Paulina (p), Pali, Paval, Pau, Poul, Paavali, Paavo, Pauli, Pál, Páll, Pól, Paolo, Paulius, Povilas, Paulose, Pavle, Pawlu, Paulo, Pablo, Pavol, Pavel, Pavlo | |
Petrus | Peter, Pete, Pathrus, Pathros, Petr, Petra, Petros, Peeter, Peio, Péru, Pere, Peder, Petr, Peeter, Pekka, Petri, Petteri, Péter, Pétur, Peadar, Pearce, Peta, Pēteris, Petras, Peddyr, Petru, Petre, Peder, Petter, Per, Peer, Pär, Pelle, Petya, Petar, Pedro, Pedr, Piotruś, Piotr, Piotrek, Pietru, Pietro, Piero, Pierre, Pieter, Pietro, Pieter, Pjetër, Piet, Pietari, Pyotr | |
Robertus, Robby | Robert, Bobby, Rob, Bob, Robbie, Robin, Rupert, Bert, Bert, Roberts, Robb, Rodbert, Rothbert, Róbert, Roberto, Robertino, Beto, Robbert, Robbi, Robbie, Röbi, Robin, Rabbie, Robban, Roban, Robet, Robetus, Roibeárd, Roeper, Roper, Roupen, Ruben, Rubens, Raban, Rabanus, Rambert, Ratbert, Rupert, Ruprecht, Ruppert, Rvpertvs, Rubert, Rochbert, Robrecht, Rodebert, Rodebrecht, Rudbert, Rudebert, Roteberht, Rotebert, Rodebert, Roberto, Roberta (p), Bobbie (p), Robertine (p), Robertina (p), | |
Ricky, Riki | Richard, Ristéard, Riccardo, Ryszard, Ricardo, Rikard, Rickard, Ruiseart, Rhisiart, Rik, Rick, Rich, Chard, Chad, Dick, Hecka, Rišo, Riško, Rysio, Ríša, Ričmond/Richmond, Cayo, Rickster, Rickie, Richie, Ricquart, Rijkaard, Rickaert, Ryckewaert | |
Tomas, Tomo | Thomas, Tom, Tomais, Tomasp, Tomasp, Tommy, Thomasina (p), Tamsin (p) * Touma, Tamash, Tomaz, Tomislav, Thom, Toomas, Tummas, Tuomas, Tomas, Thomas, Thomas, Thanos, Thanasis, Athanasios, Teomo, Tamás, Tómas, Tomás, Tamihana, Tomasz, Tomek, Tomás, Tomé, Tomasp, Tomasi, Tam, Tomáš, Tomaž, Tomás, Tomos, Thoma, Thomman, Thommi | |
William | William, Wilhelm, Bill, Billy, Willem, Gulielmus, Guglielmo, Guillaume, Guildhelm, Guilhem, Guillem, Guillermo, Guilherme, Gwilym, Gwilherm, Illiam, Uilleam, Uilliam, Vilhelm, Vilhelmo, Viliam, Vilém, Vilmos, Vilhelms, Vilius, Viliumas, Viljami, Ville | |
Yakub, Yakobus | Jacob, James, Jack, Jacky, Jackie, Jacques, Jacqui, Jaquie, Jacquee, Jacque, Jacq, Jacquie, Jac, Jaci, Jaki, Jacki, Jaqui, Jackee, Jay, Jacqueline (p), Jacquelyn, Jaclyn, Jacklyn, Jacqlyn, Jacquelin, Jacklin, Jamie, Jaime, Jacobus, Jacome, Jaime, Jaume, Jamio, Jam, Jim, Jimmy, Jimbo, Iacomus, Iacobus, Iago, Jakup, Jakub, Jakob, Jakov, Yaqub, Jakes, Jakobe, Jakue, Jakub, Jagu, Jagut, Jacut, Jak, Jakes, Jakez, Jakezig, Jakou, Jaim, Jaume, Xaume, Jacob, Jago, Jammes, Jamma, Jakov, Jakub, Jakoubek, Kubicek, Kubes Kubes, Kuba, Jakob, Jeppe, Jacob(us), Jakob, Jaap, Jobby, Cobus, Koos, Jacob, Jakob, Jacoby, Jake, Jakey, Jackie, Jack, Coby, James, Jamie, Jaime/Jaimie, Jim Jimmy/Jimmi/Jimi, Jacqueline/Jaqueline), Jacqui/Jaqui, Jackie, Jacki, Jamie/Jamey, Jamie/Jami, Jay, Jakobo, Jakob, Jaakob, Jaagup, Jaak, Jákup, Jaakob, Jaakoppi, Jaakko, Jamppa, Jacques, Jacob, Jacquot, Jacot, Jaco, Jack, Jacq, Jacquy, Jame, Gemme, Jacomo, Jakob, Jeckel, Jakab,, Seamus, Shamus, Giacomo, Iacopo, Jacopo, Giacobbe, Jayms, Jakob, Jeppe, Jammes, James, Jakub, Jacó (O.T. form), Jacob, Jaime, Tiago, Diogo, Jacme, Iacob, Iacov, Jacobo, Jacob, Iago, Yago, Santiago, Jaime, Diego, Jakob, Yaqub, Jaime, Yakup, Iago, Jâms, Jago, Hakob, Jaume, Jaak, Jaakko, Jacques, Jakob, Jacob, Jakab, Giacomo, Jacopo, Giacobbe, Jacobus, Jakub, Iacob, Iacov, Yakov, Jacob, Jacobo, Jaime, Yago, Diego, Jacó, Jaime, Iago, Thiago, Tiago Jago, Jammes, Giacôbê, Yankev, Yankl, Yankel, Yankele | |
Yohanes / Yahya (Jon, Joni) | John, Johannes, Jack, Johnny, Johnnie, Giovanni, Gianni, Giuàn, Hans, Hansel, Hasse, Hänsel, Ian, Ion, Ivan, Jan, Jani, Jans, Janez, Janko, János, Janci, Jean, Johan, Johann, Joan, João, Jón, Jovan, Juan, Juhani, Sean/Seán, Shaun, Shawn, Shon, Siôn, Yohani | |
(bentuk feminim) | Iona, Ioana, Jana, Jane, Janice, Janet, Jean, Jeanette, Jeanne, Joanne, Joan, Johanna | |
Yusuf, Yoseph | Joseph. Joe, Jose/José, Josef/Jósef, Jozef/Józef/Jožef, Joseba, Josepe, Josep/Jósep, József, Josephus, Joosef, Juozapas, Juozas, Yosef, Xosé, Yusif, Usub, Bepo, Iosephus, Giuseppe, Beppe, Geppetto, Iosif, Pepe, Hose, Joseff |
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Every time you click a link to Wikipedia, Wiktionary or Wikiquote in your browser's search results, it will show the modern Wikiwand interface.
Wikiwand extension is a five stars, simple, with minimum permission required to keep your browsing private, safe and transparent.