Pratélan Usada Pokok Modhèl WHO (EML), dibabar déning World Health Organization (WHO), isiné usada-usada sing dianggep paling mempan tur aman tumrap kabutuhan paling ndhasari ing sistem kaséhatan. Pratélan iki asring dicakaké ing manéka nagara minangka dhasaran nalika nggawé pratélan usada pokok sing enggon-enggonan ing nagarané dhéwé-dhéwé.[1] Dhèk taun 2016, 155 nagara punjul wis nggawé pratélan usada pokok nasional sing dhedhasar pratélan modhèl World Health Organization iki.[2] Nagara-nagara sing ngecakaké kalebu nagara-nagara maju saha nagara-nagara tumuwuh.[1]
Pratélan iki dipérang dadi barang-barang inti lan barang-barang lelengkap. Éwoning barang-barang inti iku ingaran sing paling mujarab kanggo ngatasi masalah kaséhatan lan bisa dicakaké kanthi tambahan sumber daya layanan kaséhatan sing minimal. Éwadéné, éwoning barang-barang lelengkap mbutuhaké infrastruktur tambahan kaya ta juru awèh layanan kaséhatan sing digladhi mirunggan utawa piranti dhiagnostik utawa duwé rasio béya-bathi sing cilik.[3] Pratélan lelengkap nglimputi watara 25% barang ing pratélan iki.[4] Sawenèh usada kagolong becik ing pratélan inti uga ing pratélan lelengkap.[5] Sanadyan kèh-kèhé usada ing pratélan iku weton gènerik, ana ing pangayomané patèn ora ateges ngejabakaké inklusi.[6]
Pratélané pisanan dibabar taun 1977 lan macak usada cacah 212.[1][7] WHO banjur nganyari pratélané mbaka rong taun.[8] Pratélan sing kaping 14 dibabar taun 2005 lan macak usada cacah 306.[9] Ing taun 2015, èdhisi kaping 19 dibabar lan macak watara 410 usada.[8] Èdhisi kaping 20 dirancang babaré ing taun 2017. Pratélan-pratélan nasional macak watara 334 lan 580 usada.[4]
Pratélan sing ndhèwèki diyasa kanggo bocah umur tekan 12 taun, ingaran Pratélan Usada Pokok kanggo Bocah Modhèl WHO (EMLc). Pratélan iki diripta taun 2007 lan saiki wis nyadhak èdhisi kaping 5.[8][10] Pratélan iki digawé kanggo minangkani butuhé bocah kanthi cumepaké formulasi sing trep.[11][12] Samubarang sing ana ing pratélan kanggo bocah iku uga kapacak ing pratélan pokok.[13] Pratélan kanggo bocah dalah cathetané iku dhedhasar èdhisi kaping 19 pratélan pokok. Simbul α mratandhani yèn sawijining usada mung kapacak ing pratélan lelengkap.[3]
Anèstètik umum lan oksigèn
Usada inhalasi
- Halotan
- Isofluran
- Oksidha nitro
- Oksigèn
Usada suntik
- Kétamin
- Propofol[cathetan 1]
Anèstètik enggon-enggonan
- Bupivakain
- Lidhokain
- Lidhokain/épinéfrin
- Éfédrinα (dudu anèstètik enggon-enggonan, kalebu ing pratélan iki awit kanggo panyegah wewesan getih sing asor sing gegayutan karo anèstèsi spinal nalika operasi sésar)
Usada praoperasi lan sédasi tumrap prosedhur kala-cendhak
- Atropin
- Midhazolam
- Morfin
Nonopioid lan usada anti-inflamasi nonstéroid (NSAIDs)
- Asem asètilsalisilat (aspirin)
- Ibuprofèn
- Parasétamol[cathetan 2] (asétaminofèn)
Analgèsik opioid
- Kodhéin
- Morfin[cathetan 3]
Usada tumrap tandha-tandha umum liyané babagan pangrumat paliatif
- Amitriptilin
- Siklizin
- Dhéksamétason
- Dhiazépam
- Sodhiyum dhokusat
- Fluoksètin
- Halopéridhol
- Butilbromid hioskin
- Hidrobromid hioskin
- Laktulos
- Lopéramid
- Métoklopramid
- Midhazolam
- Ondhansétron
- Sénna
- Dhéksamétason
- Épinéfrin (adrénalin)
- Hidrokortison
- Loratadhin[cathetan 4]
- Prédnisolon
Ora mirunggan
- Karbon aktif
Mirunggan
- Karbamazépin
- Dhiazépam
- Lorazépam
- Sulfat magnésiyum[cathetan 5]
- Fénobarbital
- Fénitoin
- Asem valporat (valporat sodhiyum)
- Éthosuksimidα
Antihèlmintik (obat cacing)
Antihèlmintik usus
- Albèndhazol
- Lévamisol
- Mébéndhazol
- Niklosamid
- Prazikuwantèl
- Prantèl
Antifilarial
- Albéndhazol
- Dhiètilkarbamazin
- Ivèrmèktin
Antiskistosomal lan usada antinématod liyané
- Prazikuwantèl
- Triklabéndhazol
- Oksamnikuwinα
Antibiotik
Usada béta laktam
- Amoksisilin
- Amoksisilin/asem klavulan (amoksisilin + asem klavulan)
- Ampisilin
- Bènzilpénisilin bènzatin
- Bènzilpénisilin
- Séfalèksin
- Séfazolin[cathetan 6]
- Séfiksim[cathetan 7]
- Séftriakson[cathetan 8]
- Kloksasilin
- Fénoksimétilpénisilin (pénisilin V)
- Bènzilpénisilin prokain[cathetan 9]
- Séfotaksimα[cathetan 10]
- Sèftazidhimα
- Imipénèm/silastatinα[cathetan 11]
Antibaktèri liyané
- Azitromisin[cathetan 12]
- Kloramfénisol
- Siprofloksasin
- Klaritromisin[cathetan 13]
- Dhoksisiklin
- Èritromisin
- Géntamisin
- Métronidhazol
- Nitrofurantoin
- Spèktinomisin
- Trimétoprim/sulfamétoksazol
- Trimétoprim
- Slindhamisinα
- Vankomisinα
Usada antilèprosi
- Klofazimin
- Dhapson
- Rifampisin
Usada antituberkulosis
- Étambutol
- Étambutol/isoniazid (étambutol + isoniazid)
- Étambutol/isoniazid/pirazinamid/rifampisin (étambutol + isoniazid + pirazinamid + rifampisin)
- Étambutol/isoniazid/rifampisin (étambutol + isoniazid + rifampisin)
- Isoniazid
- Isoniazid/pirazinamid/rifampisin (isoniazid + pirazinamid + rifampisin)
- Isoniazid/rifampicin (isoniazid + rifampisin)
- Pirazinamid
- Rifabutin[cathetan 14]
- Rifampisin
- Rifapèntin[cathetan 15]
- Amikasinα
- Bédhakuwilinα
- Kapréomisinα
- Siklosérinα[cathetan 16]
- Dhélamanidα
- Ètionamidα[cathetan 17]
- Kanamisinα
- Lévofloksasinα[cathetan 18]
- Linézolidα
- Asem p-aminosalisilikα
- Strèptomisinα
Usada antijamur
- Amfotérisin B
- Klotrimazol
- Flukonazol
- Flusitosin
- Griséofulvin
- Nistatin
- Iodid potasiyumα
Usada antivirus
Usada antihèrpes
- Asiklovir
Antirétrovirus
Inhibitor transkriptase balik nukléyosid/nukléyotid
- Abakavir (ABC)
- Lamivudhin (3TC)
- Stavudhin (d4T)
- Fumarat dhisoproksil ténofovir (TDF)
- Zidhovudhin (ZDV or AZT)
Inhibitor transkriptase balik non-nukléyosid
- Efavirenz (EGV or EFZ)
- Nevirapine (NVP)
Inhibitor protase
200mg.jpg)
- Atazanavir
- Darunavir
- Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)
- Ritonavir
- Saquinavir (SQV)
Gabungan dhosis ajeg
- Abacavir/lamivudine (abacavir + lamivudine)
- Efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir[cathetan 19]
- Emtricitabine/tenofovir
- Lamivudine/nevirapine/stavudine
- Lamivudine/nevirapine/zidovudine
- Lamivudine/zidovudine
Antivirus liyané
- Osèltamivir[cathetan 20]
- Ribavirin[cathetan 21]
- Valgansiklovir
Usada antihépatitis
Usada tumrap hépatitis B
Inhibitor transkriptase walik nukléosid/nukléotid
- Èntekavir
- Fumarat dhisoproksil ténofovir (TDF)
Usada tumrap hépatitis C
Inhibitor polimérase nukléotid
- Sofosbuvir
Inhibitor protéase
- Simeprévir
Inhibitor NS5A
- Dhaklatasvir
Inhibitor polimérase non-nukléosid
- Dhasabuvir
Antivirus liyané
- Ribavirin[cathetan 22]
- Interféron-alfa-2a pégilasi utawa interféron-alfa-2b pégilasiα[cathetan 23]
Gabungan dhosis ajeg
- Lédhipasvir/sofosbuvir
- Ombitasvir/paritaprévir/ritonavir
Usada antiprotozoa
Usada antiamoéba lan antigiardhiasis
- Dhiloksanid
- Métronidhazol
Usada antiléismaniasis
- Amfotérisin B
- Miltéfosin
- Paromomisin
- Stiboglukonat sodhium utawa antimoniat méglumin
Usada antimalaria
Minangka tamba kuratif
- Amodiaquine[cathetan 24]
- Artemether[cathetan 25]
- Artemether/lumefantrine[cathetan 26]
- Artesunate[cathetan 27]
- Artesunate/amodiaquine[cathetan 28]
- Artesunate/mefloquine
- Chloroquine[cathetan 29]
- Doxycycline[cathetan 30]
- Mefloquine
- Primaquine[cathetan 31]
- Quinine[cathetan 32]
- Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine[cathetan 33]
Kanggo panyegah
- Chloroquine[cathetan 34]
- Doxycycline
- Mefloquine
- Proguanil[cathetan 35]
Usada antipnéumosistosis lan antitoksoplasmosis
- Pyrimethamine
- Sulfadiazine
- Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
- Pentamidineα
Usada antitripanosom
Tripanosomiasis afrika
Tataran angka 1
- Pentamidine[cathetan 36]
- Suramin sodium[cathetan 37]
Tataran angka 2
- Eflornithine[cathetan 38]
- Melarsoprol
- Nifurtimox[cathetan 39]
Tripanosomiasis amérika
- Benznidazole
- Nifurtimox
Serangan akut
- Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)
- Ibuprofen
- Paracetamol
Panyegah
- Propranolol
Usada imunosuprèsif
Usada adjuvan lan sitotoksik
- All-trans retinoic acid (trétinoin)α
- Allopurinolα
- Asparaginaseα
- Bendamustineα
- Bleomycinα
- Calcium folinateα
- Capecitabineα
- Carboplatinα
- Chlorambucilα
- Cisplatinα
- Cyclophosphamideα
- Cytarabineα
- Dacarbazineα
- Dactinomycinα
- Daunorubicinα
- Docetaxelα
- Doxorubicinα
- Etoposideα
- Fludarabineα
- Fluorouracilα
- Filgrastimα
- Gemcitabineα
- Hydroxycarbamideα
- Ifosfamideα
- Imatinibα
- Irinotecanα
- Mercaptopurineα
- Mesnaα
- Methotrexateα
- Oxaliplatinα
- Paclitaxelα
- Procarbazineα
- Rituximabα
- Thioguanineα
- Trastuzumabα
- Vinblastineα
- Vincristineα
- Vinorelbineα
Hormon lan antihormon
- Biperiden
- Carbidopa/levodopa (levodopa + carbidopa)
Usada antianémia
- Ferrous salt
- Ferrous salt/folic acid
- Folic acid
- Hydroxocobalamin
Usada sing njalari koagulasi
- Enoxaparin
- Heparin sodium
- Phytomenadione
- Protamine sulfate
- Tranexamic acid
- Warfarin
- Desmopressinα
Usada liyané tumrap hémoglobinopati
- Deferoxamineα[cathetan 40]
- Hydroxycarbamideα
Getih lan komponèn getih
- Fresh frozen plasma
- Platelet concentrates
- Packed red blood cells
- Whole blood
Usada tumurun saka plasma
Imunoglobulin manungsa
- Rho(D) immune globulin
- Anti-rabies immunoglobulin
- Anti-tetanus immunoglobulin
- Human normal immunoglobulinα
Faktor koagulasi getih
Gantiné plasma
- Dextran 70[cathetan 41]
Usada antiangina
- Bisoprolol[cathetan 42]
- Glyceryl trinitrate
- Isosorbide dinitrate
- Verapamil
Usada antiaritmik
- Bisoprolol
- Digoxin
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Lidocaine
- Verapamil
- Amiodaroneα
Usada antihipertènsi
- Amlodipine
- Bisoprolol
- Enalapril
- Hydralazine[cathetan 43]
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Methyldopa[cathetan 44]
- Sodium nitroprussideα
Usada tumrap gagal jantung
- Bisoprolol
- Digoxin
- Enalapril
- Furosemide
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Spironolactone
- Dopamineα
Usada antitrombotik
Usada antiplatelèt
- Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
- Clopidogrel
Usada trombolitik
- Streptokinaseα
Agèn pangasor lipid
- Simvastatin[cathetan 45]
Usada antijamur
- Miconazole
- Selenium sulfide
- Sodium thiosulfate
- Terbinafine
Usada antiinfèksi
- Mupirocin
- Potassium permanganate
- Silver sulfadiazine
Usada antiinflamasi lan antipruritik
- Betamethasone
- Calamine
- Hydrocortisone
Usada sing mrabawani diferensiasi lan proliferasi kulit
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Coal tar
- Fluorouracil
- Podophyllum resin
- Salicylic acid
- Urea
Skabisid lan pédikulisid
- Benzyl benzoate
- Permethrin
Usada optalmik
- Fluorescein
- Tropicamide
Médhia radhiokontras
- Amidotrizoate
- Barium sulfate
- Iohexol
- Meglumine iotroxateα
Antisèptik
- Chlorhexidine
- Ethanol
- Povidone iodine
Dhisinfèktan
- Alcohol based hand rub
- Chlorine base compound
- Chloroxylenol
- Glutaral
- Amiloride
- Furosemide
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Mannitol
- Spironolactone
- Pancreatic enzymesα
Usada antiulkus
- Omeprazole
- Ranitidine
Usada antimutah
- Dexamethasone
- Metoclopramide
- Ondansetron
Usada antiinflamasi
- Sulfasalazine
- Hydrocortisoneα
Laksatif
- Senna
Usada tumrap dhiaré
Réhidrasi oral
- Oral rehydration salts
Usada tumrap dhiaré ing bocah
- Zinc sulfate[cathetan 46]
Hormon adrénal lan gegantèn sintètik
- Fludrocortisone
- Hydrocortisone
Androgèn
- Testosteroneα
Kontrasèpsi
Kontrasèpsi hormonal oral
- Ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel
- Ethinylestradiol/norethisterone
- Levonorgestrel
Kontrasèpsi hormonal suntik
- Estradiol cypionate/medroxyprogesterone acetate
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate
- Norethisterone enantate
Piranti intrauterus
- IUD with copper
- IUD with progestogen
Metodhe palang
- Condoms
- Diaphragms
Kontrasèpsi implan
- Etonogestrel—releasing implant
- Levonorgestrel—releasing implant
Kontrasèpsi intravagina
- Progesterone vaginal ring
Insulin lan usada liyané tumrap dhiabètes
- Gliclazide[cathetan 47]
- Glucagon
- Insulin injection (soluble)
- Intermediate-acting insulin
- Metformin
Indhuser ovulasi
- Clomifeneα
Progèstogèn
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Hormon tiroid lan usada antitiroid
- Levothyroxine
- Potassium iodide
- Propylthiouracil
- Lugol's solutionα
Agèn dhiagnostik
- Tuberculin, purified protéin derivative (PPD)
Séra lan usada imunoglobulin
- Antivenom immunoglobulin[cathetan 48]
- Diphtheria antitoxin
Vaksin
- BCG vaccine
- Cholera vaccine[cathetan 49]
- Diphtheria vaccine
- Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
- Hepatitis A vaccine
- Hepatitis B vaccine
- HPV vaccine
- Influenza vaccine
- Japanese encephalitis vaccine[cathetan 50]
- Measles vaccine
- Meningococcal meningitis vaccine
- Mumps vaccine
- Pertussis vaccine
- Pneumococcal vaccine
- Poliomyelitis vaccine
- Rabies vaccine
- Rotavirus vaccine
- Rubella vaccine
- Tetanus vaccine
- Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine
- Typhoid vaccine
- Varicella vaccine
- Yellow fever vaccine
- Atracurium
- Neostigmine
- Suxamethonium
- Vecuronium
- Pyridostigmineα
Agèn antiinfèksi
- Aciclovir
- Azithromycin
- Gentamicin
- Ofloxacin
- Tetracycline
Agèn antiinflamasi
- Prednisolone
Anèstètik enggon-enggonan
- Tetracaine
Usada miotik lan antiglaukoma
- Acetazolamide
- Latanoprost
- Pilocarpine
- Timolol
Usada midriatik
- Atropine[cathetan 51]
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)α
Faktor tuwuhé éndhotélial antivaskular (VEGF)
- Bevacizumabα
Usada oksitosik lan abortifasièn
- Ergometrine
- Misoprostol
- Oxytocin
- Mifepristone used with misoprostolα[cathetan 52]
Usada antioksitosik (tokolitik)
- Nifedipine
- Intraperitoneal dialysis solution (of appropriate composition)α
Usada tumrap gangguan psikotik
- Chlorpromazine
- Fluphenazine
- Haloperidol
- Risperidone
- Clozapineα
Usada tumrap gangguan swasana ati
Usada tumrap gangguan dhéprèsif
- Amitriptyline
- Fluoxetine
Usada tumrap gangguan bipolar
- Carbamazepine
- Lithium
- Valproic acid (sodium valproate)
Usada tumrap gangguan pangrudatin
- Diazepam
Usada tumrap gangguan obsèsif kompulsif
- Clomipramine
Usada tumrap gangguan amarga panganggoné dat psikoaktif
- Nicotine replacement therapy
- Methadoneα
Antiasma lan usada tumrap lelara paru-paru obstuktif kronik
- Beclometasone
- Budesonide
- Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- Ipratropium bromide
- Salbutamol (albuterol)
Oral
- Oral rehydration salts
- Potassium chloride
Parèntéral
- Glucose
- Glucose with sodium chloride
- Potassium chloride
- Sodium chloride
- Sodium hydrogen carbonate
- Sodium lactate, compound solution
Liya-liyané
- Water for injection
- Ascorbic acid
- Calcium
- Cholecalciferol[cathetan 53]
- Ergocalciferol
- Iodine
- Nicotinamide
- Pyridoxine
- Retinol
- Riboflavin
- Sodium fluoride
- Thiamine
- Calcium gluconateα
- Acetic acid
- Budesonide
- Ciprofloxacin
- Xylometazoline
Usada kawènèhaké marang néonatus
Usada kawènèhaé marang ibu
- Dexamethasone
Usada tumrap éncok
- Allopurinol
Agèn modhifikasi lelara ing gangguan réumatoid
Lelara gegelan ing bocah enom
- Aspirin[cathetan 54]
- ^ An α indicates the medicine is only on the complementary list. For these items specialized diagnostic or monitoring or specialist training are needed. An item may also be listed as complementary on the basis of higher costs or a less attractive cost-benefit ratio.[3]
- Thiopental may be used as an alternative depending on local availability and cost.
- Not recommended for anti‐inflammatory use due to lack of proven benefit to that effect
- Alternatives limited to hydromorphone and oxycodone
- There may be a role for sedating antihistamines for limited indications (EMLc).
- For use in eclampsia and severe pre‐eclampsia and not for other convulsant disorders
- For surgical prophylaxis
- Only listed for single‐dose treatment of uncomplicated ano‐genital gonorrhoea
- Do not administer with calcium and avoid in infants with hyperbilirubinemia.
- Procaine benzylpenicillin is not recommended as first-line treatment for neonatal sepsis except in settings with high neonatal mortality, when given by trained health workers in cases where hospital care is not achievable.
- Third generation cephalosporin of choice for use in hospitalized neonates
- Only listed for the treatment of life‐threatening hospital‐based infection due to suspected or proven multidrug‐resistant infection
- Only listed for single‐dose treatment of genital Chlamydia trachomatis and of trachoma
- For use in combination regimens for eradication of H. pylori in adults
- For use only in patients with HIV receiving protease inhibitors
- Terizidone may be an alternative.
- Prothionamide may be an alternative.
- Ofloxacin and moxifloxacin may be alternatives based on availability and programme considerations.
- FTC is an acceptable alternative to 3TC, based on knowledge of the pharmacology, the resistance patterns and clinical trials of antiretrovirals.
- Potentially severe or complicated illness due to confirmed or suspected influenza virus infection in accordance with WHO treatment guidelines
- For the treatment of viral haemorrhagic fevers and in combination with pegylated interferons for the treatment of Hepatitis C
- For the treatment of hepatitis C, in combination with peginterferon or direct acting anti-viral medicines
- To be used in combination with ribavirin
- To be used in combination with artesunate 50 mg
- For use in the management of severe malaria
- Not recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy or in children below 5 kg
- To be used in combination with either amodiaquine, mefloquine or sulfadoxine + pyrimethamine
- Other combinations that deliver the target doses required such as 153 mg or 200 mg (as hydrochloride) with 50 mg artesunate can be alternatives.
- For use only for the treatment of P.vivax infection
- For use only in combination with quinine
- Only for use to achieve radical cure of P.vivax and P.ovale infections, given for 14 days
- For use only in the management of severe malaria, and should be used in combination with doxycycline
- Only in combination with artesunate 50 mg
- For use only in central American regions, for use for P.vivax
- For use only in combination with chloroquine
- To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection
- To be used for the treatment of the initial phase of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection
- To be used for the treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection
- Only to be used in combination with eflornithine, for the treatment of T. b. gambiense infection
- Deferasirox oral form may be an alternative, depending on cost and availability.
- Polygeline, injectable solution, 3.5% is considered as equivalent.
- Includes metoprolol and carvedilol as alternatives
- Hydralazine is listed for use in the acute management of severe pregnancy‐induced hypertension only.
- Methyldopa is listed for use in the management of pregnancy‐induced hypertension only.
- For use in high‐risk patients
- In acute diarrhoea, zinc sulfate should be used as an adjunct to oral rehydration salts
- Glibenclamide not suitable above 60 years
- Exact type to be defined locally
- Recommended for some high-risk populations
- Recommended for certain regions
- Or homatropine (hydrobromide) or cyclopentolate (hydrochloride)
- Requires close medical supervision
- Ergocalciferol can be used as an alternative.
- For use for rheumatic fever, juvenile arthritis, Kawasaki disease
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