ジュネーヴ国際・開発高等研究所/国際・開発研究大学院 (フランス語: Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement, 英語: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, 略称:IHEID) は、 スイス・ジュネーヴにある小規模な大学院大学である。学術界と専門家の間では、IHEIDはヨーロッパの最も権威ある機関の一つと考えられている[3][4]。
特にオクスフォード大学の国際関係論の教授であるアルフレッド・ジマーンは、とりわけ大学院に大きな貢献をした。 彼は1924年にパリの知的協力のための国際会議 (the International Council for intellectual Cooperation) に参加すると同時に、ジュネーヴ大学の後援で、後に、'Zimmern schools'と呼ばれることになる国際情勢に関するサマースクールを主催した。この試みによって得られた経験は、国際・開発研究大学院創設期に行われたこともあり、大学の発展に寄与した[22]。
1927年から1954年の30年近くにわたり、 大学院は主にロックフェラー財団によって財政的に支えられた。その後は、ジュネーヴ州と連邦参事会が財政を負担している。この財政負担の移行と同時期の1955年には、ウイリアム・ラパードに代わって、ローザンヌ出身の歴史家であるジャック・フレイモンドが学長となった。フレイモンドは、彼の引退後1978年まで続けられることになる教授科目と生徒数、教授陣の拡大に着手し、大学院の規模は大幅に拡大した。 彼の下で、大学院は、多くの国際学会を主催した。その中には、東西陣営の対話の前提、中国の国際政治での台頭と対中外交、ヨーロッパ統合、政治社会経済の予測の方法やその結果(有名なローマクラブ レポートや Bertrand de Jouvenelによる the Futuriblesプロジェクト)、テロリズムの原因とその対策, Pugwash Conference concerns などが含まれる。また、彼が学長をしている間には、Paul Guggenheim 教授による国際法論文集やコミンテルンに関連する歴史文書を集めた6冊の本といった記念碑的な出版も多く行われた[22]。
現在の大学院のもう一つの起源であるGraduate Institute of Development Studies (フランス語: Institut universitaire d’études du développement, IUED) にもフレイモンドは関与している。彼は、1961年に Institut Africain de Genève(英語名: African Institute of Geneva) を設立した。 Graduate Institute of Development Studies は、持続可能な成長の学問分野の発展においてヨーロッパの先駆的な存在であった。教授の多くが開発援助に対して批判をしていたことと Cahiers de l'IUEDという学術ジャーナルによってよく知られていた。[24] 国際的な学術ネットワークの中心でもあった。
2008年にGraduate Institute of International Studies が、Graduate Institute of Development Studies を吸収し、現在の名称 IHEID(国際・開発高等研究所/国際・開発研究大学院)になった。
MIA プログラムは、まず定量的・定性的手法と各学問分野の基礎をしっかりと固める。その後は3つのコース、地域統合、 安全保障研究、市民社会と越境問題、が用意されている。全ての学生は、それぞれ、修士論文に向けた学際的な研究を行う。応用研究演習では、学術界に留まらない人々とのつながりが用意され、彼らと連携した研究を行うスキルを高めることができる。双方向的かつ学生主体のワークショップは、専門的なスキルを高めることを目的としている。また、インターンシップが単位に認定されることで、実務的な能力を学生に身につけさせることも意図されている。
Each of the Graduate Institute's five academic departments -- International Relations & Political Science; International History; International Law; International Economics; and Anthropology & Sociology of Development -- offers a disciplinary MA. It is a two-year program and students are expected to write a master's thesis.
Master of Law in International Law (LL.M.)
2012年創設。 Students have the opportunity to discuss legal problems in tutorials, develop their professional skills in practical workshops and write an LL.M. paper on a topic within their specialty stream. Moreover, LL.M. participants undertake real legal work for a client as part of a law clinic.
MASTER IN INTERNATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES(MINT)
大学院は以下の大学と共同学位(joint degree)・二重学位(dual degree) プログラムを用意している: ハーバード大学ケネディスクールのMPA、ジョージタウン大学ローセンターの LL.M. in Global Health Law program、サンダーバード国際経営大学院の MBA Europe program、ジュネーヴ大学の LL.M. program in International Dispute Settlement、 LL.M. program in International Humanitarian Law、Master's program of Advanced Studies in Humanitarian Action and Master's in Asian Studies。
The Campus de la paix は、Place des Nations (the United Nations Headquarters in Geneva) から レマン湖の湖畔に広がる一連の建物である。間には、 Parc Barton と Parc Moynierという二つの公園がある。
Maison de la paix
Maison de la paix (House of Peace) は、2013年に新設されたIHEIDのメインキャンパスである[28]。38,000 平方キロメートルの広さを有し、6つの部分に分かれているガラスの建築である。中には、350,000 冊の社会科学の本や研究ジャーナルを貯蔵し、国際・開発研究の分野におけるヨーロッパの最も充実した図書館の一つであるthe Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Libraryがある。10億円ほどを大学院に寄付した2人の修了生、Shelby Cullom Davis 米国大使夫妻にちなんで名前がつけられた[29]。隣接するEdgar de Picciotto Student Residence は2012年に完成し135室を有する。
IHEIDのメインキャンパスである他に、Maison de la paix は、Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), the Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP) the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining, the International Institute of Humanitarian Law, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development and the Gulf Research Centerといった大学院と連携している政策研究所やシンクタンクの本拠地でもある[28]。
キャンパス拡大計画では、パレ・デ・ナシオンの側に、Portail des Nations(英語名: Gate of Nations)を建設する予定である。この建物には、多数の会議室と国際政治におけるジュネーヴの歴史的役割に関する展示が置かれる予定である[30]。また、大学院は ジュネーヴ大学と連携し共同研究を行っている。歴史的建物であるCastle of Penthesに国際協力センターの開設した。[31]
The Institute's research activities are conducted both at fundamental and applied levels with the objective of bringing analysis to international actors, private or public, of main contemporary issues. These research activities are conducted by the faculty of the Institute, as part of their individual work, or by interdisciplinary teams within centres and programmes whose activity focus on these main fields:
Conflict, security, and peacebuilding
Development policies and practices
Culture, religion, and identity
Environment and natural resources
Finance and Development
ジェンダー
国際化
Governance
Migration and refugees
Non-state actors and civil society
Rural development
Trade, regionalism, and integration
Dispute settlement
Humanitarian action
Furthermore, IHEID is home to the Swiss Chair of Human Rights, the Curt Gasteyger Chair in International Security and Conflict Studies, the André Hoffmann Chair in Environmental Economics, the Pictet Chair in Environmental International Law, the Pictet Chair in Finance and Development, the Yves Oltramare Chair on Politics and Religion, and the Swiss Chair of International Humanitarian Law.
Programs and Research Centers
The centres and programmes of the Institute distribute analysis and research that contributes to the analysis of international organisations headquartered in Geneva:
The Center on Conflict, Development and Peacekeeping is the Graduate Institute’s focal point for research in the areas of conflict analysis, peacebuilding, and the complex relationships between security and development.
The Center for International Environmental Studies was established in 2010 for the purpose of developing political, legal and economic discourse on problems related to the global environment. It is dedicated to the better understanding of the social, economic and political facets of global problems related to the environment.
The Center for Trade and Economic Integration brings together the research activities of eminent professors of economics, law and political science in the area of trade, economic integration and globalization. The Centre provides a forum for discussion and dialogue between the global research community, including the Institute's student body and research centres in the developing world, and the international business community, as well as international organisations and NGOs.
The Center for Finance and Development's research deals with finance and development at three levels: international finance, and development finance in particular, including the role played by the international financial institutions such as the IMF and the World Bank; financial development, including banking and financial sector development in emerging and developing countries, both from contemporary and historical perspectives; microeconomics of finance and development.
The Programme for the Study of International Governance provides a forum for scholars of governance and international organisations to interact with practitioners from the policy world in order to analyse global governance arrangements across a variety of issues.
The Global Health Program's activities focus on two pillars, namely global health governance and global health diplomacy.
The Global Migration Centre focus on the transnational dimensions of migration and its interdisciplinary orientation. By doing so the GMC seeks to fully grasp the complexities of mobility in a globalized world. To this end, it combines inputs from lawyers, political scientists, economists, historians, anthropologists and sociologists.
The Programme on Gender and Global Change produces cutting-edge research on the workings of gender in development and international relations and serves as a channel for the dissemination of such knowledge in both the anglophone and the francophone worlds.
The Small Arms Survey is an independent research project that serves as the principal international source of public information on all aspects of small arms and armed violence and as a resource for governments, policy-makers, researchers, and activists.
The Institute is an active member of the following associations and academic networks:
APSIA - Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs: The world’s main academic institutions specialising in international relations and international public policy are represented among APSIA’s thirty-odd members.
European University Association: Represents and supports more than 850 institutions of higher education in 46 countries, providing them with a forum for cooperation and exchange of information on higher education and research policies.
Europaeum: Created at the initiative of the University of Oxford, the Europaeum is composed of ten leading European institutions of higher education and research.
European Consortium for Political Research: The ECPR is an independent scholarly association that supports the training, research and cross-national cooperation of many thousands of academics and graduate students specialising in political science and all its sub-disciplines.
European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes: The EADI is the largest existing network of research and training institutes active in the field of development studies. It publishes the European Journal of Development Research (EJDR) as well as monographs (Amsterdam University Press). It also organises a General Conference every three years.
Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie: The AUF supports the build-up a French-language research area between French-speaking universities. The Institute is one of 536 members belonging to the AUF and takes part in its exchange programmes in the fields of teaching and research.
Swiss University Conference: The SUC is a governmental organization tasked with accrediting officially recognized Swiss universities.
The school maintains exchange programs with institutions worldwide, including Georgetown Law School, Harvard Law School, Michigan Law School, UCLA School of Law, Boston University School of Law, Yale University, the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University, the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, American University, School of International Service in Washington D.C., Sciences Po Paris - Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris, the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin, the Graduate School of International Studies at Seoul National University, the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore, the Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies at Waseda University, University of Hong Kong, Tsinghua University, Fudan University, Peking University, KIMEP University, Gadjah Mada University, the School of International Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru University, University of Malaya, the American University in Cairo, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, El Colegio de México, the University of Ghana, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Stellenbosch University, as well as the University of St. Gallen and ETH Zürich in Switzerland.
Published by Oxford University Press and based at the Graduate Institute, the Refugee Survey Quarterly is a peer-reviewed journal focusing on the challenges of forced migration from multidisciplinary and policy-oriented perspectives.
Established by the Graduate Institute and the University of Geneva in 2010, the JIDS is dedicated to international law with commercial, economic and financial implications. It is published by Oxford University Press.
The European Journal of Development Research is a co-publication of the Graduate Institute and the European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes with a multi-disciplinary focus.
A pluralist platform for advancing academic knowledge and debate in the field of political science.
法的地位
IHEID is constituted as a Swiss private law foundation, Fondation pour les hautes études internationales et du développement, sharing a convention with the University of Geneva.[32] This is a particular organizational form, because IHEID is constituted as a foundation of private law fulfilling a public purpose. In addition, the political responsibility for the Institute shared between the Swiss Confederation and the Canton of Geneva. Usually in Switzerland, it is the responsibility of the Cantons to run public universities, except for the Federal Institutes of Technology (ETHZ and EPFL). IHEID is therefore something like a hybrid institution, in-between the two standard categories.[33]
運営団体(Foundation Board)
The Foundation Board is the administrative body of the Institute. It assembles academics, politicians, people of public live and practitioners. Jacques Forster (Vice President of the ICRC) is President of the Board. The vice-president is Isabelle Werenfels (senior researcher at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs). The Board includes among others: Carlos Lopes, currently UN Under Secretary General and Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Africa, Julia Marton-Lefèvre (Director of the International Union for Conservation of Nature), Joëlle Kuntz (journalist), and Yves Mény (president emeritus of the European University Institute in Florence).[5]
運営
The Institute is headed by Philippe Burrin and his deputy Elisabeth Prügl.
Hédi Annabi — former Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General for Haiti.
Anthony Banbury — United Nations Assistant Secretary-General for Field Support.
Marcel André Boisard (PhD) — Under-Secretary General to the United Nations and former Executive Director of United Nations Institute for Training and Research.
Arthur E. Dewey — former Assistant UN Secretary-General.
Kamil Idris (PhD '64) — director-general of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) between 1997 and 2008.
C. Wilfred Jenks — Director-general of the International Labor Organization (1970–1973).
Jakob Kellenberger ('74-'75) — President of the ICRC.
Pierre Krähenbühl — Commissioner-General of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)
Carlos Lopes (DEA) — UN Under Secretary General and Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Africa.
Jonathan Lucas (PhD '98) — Head of the International Narcotics Control Board.
Jacques Moreillon (PhD '71) — former Director General of the ICRC.
Mervat Tallawy — Egyptian politician, former UN under-secretary and executive secretary of ESCWA.
Sérgio Vieira de Mello— former United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
Public Policy
Shara L. Aranoff (Fulbright Scholar '84-'85) — Chairman of the U.S. International Trade Commission.
Tennent H. Bagley (PhD '50) -- Deputy Chief of the CIA's Soviet Bloc Division during the 1960s and author.
Olivier Long — Swiss international law specialist and former director-general of the GATT (1968–80).
Patrick Low — Chief Economist at the World Trade Organisation.
Ludwig von Mises — Prominent Austrian school economist, philosopher, and classical liberal.
Robert Mundell — Canadian international economist and recipient of the 1999 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.
Gunnar Myrdal — Swedish economist and co-recipient of the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.[23]
William Rappard — economic historian, Director of the League of NationsMandate Section (1920-1925), and Swiss delegate to the ILO (1945-1956).
Wilhelm Röpke — International economics and spiritual father of the German social market economy.
Jacob Viner — Canadian international economics and early member of the Chicago School of Economics.
Jean Ziegler — Swiss Sociologist, author and public intellectual.
現在
Jean-Louis Arcand — Professor of International Economics, Director of the Centre for Finance and Development
Richard Baldwin — Professor of International Economics.
Thomas J. Biersteker — Curt Gasteyger Professor of International Security, Council on Foreign Relations scholar.
Andrew Clapham — Professor of International Law, former Representative of Amnesty International at the United Nations, and former Adviser on International Humanitarian Law to the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General in Iraq.
Pierre-Marie Dupuy — Professor of International Law, whose Droit international public is "one of the best known French international law textbooks" according to the European Society of International Law.
Faisal Devji — Yves Oltramar Chair of Religion and Politics, noted historian of Islam.
Keith Krause — Professor of International Relations, director of the Small Arms Survey.
Jussi Hanhimäki — Professor of International History, recipient of the 2002 Bernath Prize for his book The Flawed Architect: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy.
Ilona Kickbusch — Adjunct Professor, leading thinker in the fields of health promotion and global health.
Giacomo Luciani — Leading scholar on the geopolitics of energy.
Joost Pauwelyn — Professor of International Law, famous scholar in WTO law and public international law.
Marcelo Kohen — Professor of International Law, scholar with experience practicing before the International Court of Justice.
Xiang Lanxin — Professor of International History and Politics, regular columnist in the South China Morning Post.
Nicolas Michel — Professor of International Law, former Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs and United Nations Legal Counsel.
Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou — Visiting professor of International History, former Foreign Minister of Mauritania and acclaimed Al Qaeda specialist.
Ugo Panizza — Pictet Professor of Development and Finance.
Martin Riesebrodt — Yves Oltramar Professor of Religion and Politics.
Timothy Swanson — André Hoffmann Professor of Environmental Economics.
Charles Wyplosz — Professor of International Economics, regular columnist in the Financial Times, Le Monde, Libération, Le Figaro, Finanz und Wirtschaft, and Handelsblatt.
参考までに、東京都港区六本木に本部を置く日本の国立大学院、政策研究大学院大学の定訳はNational Graduate Institute for Policy Studiesで、パリ郊外のビュール=シュル=イヴェットにある数学及び理論物理学の研究機関Institut des hautes études scientifiquesには高等科学研究所、高等科学研究院等が当てられているなど、学位授与権の有無に応じて使い分けていることが窺える。
Peter,Ania(1938).“William E. Rappard and the League of Nations: A Swiss contribution to international organization”.The League of Nations in Retrospect: Proceedings of the Symposium.Walter de Gruyter.pp.221-222.ISBN3-11-008733-2
“Hans Joachim Morgenthau”.Encyclopædia Britannica Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.(2012年).13 October 2012閲覧。
The Graduate Institute of International Studies Geneva: 75 years of service towards peace through learning and research in the field of international relations, The Graduate Institute, 2002.