ISBN 978-0-471-02865-9, "note that "bridge" and "loop" are dual concepts" ^ Balakrishnan, V. K. (1997), Schaum's Outline of GraphTheory, McGraw Hill Professional, Problem
Morikazu SHIKATA “Distinctions and Relations of Mating Frequency, Mating Graph, and Genotype Frequency”、『東京経済大学人文自然科学論集 (Journal of Humanities and Natural