"Provenance, shoal size and the sociobiology of predator-evasion behaviour in minnow shoals" Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B, 229(1257): 439-465. doi:10.1098/rspb.1987
Nonindigenous aquatic species database Mummichog occurrences ^ Klawe, W.L. (1957). “Common mummichog and newt in a lake on Digby Neck, Nova Scotia”. Canadian Field-Naturalist