スヴァディアーヤ

スヴァディアーヤ（Svādhyāya、デーヴァナーガリー語： स्वाध्याय ）はサンスクリット語で｢独学｣、｢自習｣を意味し、特にヴェーダやその他の聖典の朗読を意味する ^{[1] [2] [3]}。

リグ・ヴェーダ写本、サンスクリット語デーヴァナーガリー文字、インド、19 世紀初頭

複数の意味を持つ概念で、ヒンドゥー教において、スヴァディアーヤは｢内省｣と「自己の研鑽」を意味するニヤマの一つ ^[4]。

語源、意味、使い方

古代文学におけるスヴァディアーヤ

ニヤマとしてのスヴァディアーヤ

ヨーガ瞑想-スヴァディアーヤの徳への手段

脚注

注釈

1. For compound derivation as स्व + अध्यायः and meanings of svādhyāya as "1. self-recitation, muttering to one-self. -2. study of the Vedas, sacred study, perusal of sacred books. -3. the Veda itself. -4. a day on which sacred study is enjoined to be resumed after suspension." see: Apte 1965, p. 1016, right column.
2. For definition of "स्वाध्याय, m. repeating to oneself, study of the Veda; repetition of the Veda aloud" see: Macdonell 1996, p. 373, left column.
3. For definition as "the regular habit of study of religious books", see: Chatterjee and Datta (1984), p. 303.
4. Sharda Nandram (2010), Synchronizing Leadership Style with Integral Transformational Yoga Principles, In Spirituality and Business (Editors: Nandram and Borden), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, ISBN 978-3-642-02660-7, pages 183-203

出典

• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1965), The Practical Sanskrit Dictionary (Fourth Revised and Enlarged ed.), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-0567-4
• Arya, Usharbudh (1986), Yoga-Sūtras of Patañjali (Volume 1 ed.), Honesdale, Pennsylvania: The Himalayan International Institute, ISBN 0-89389-092-8, https://archive.org/details/yogasutrastransl00pata
• Bhattacharyya, Haridas, ed. (1956), The Cultural Heritage of India, Calcutta: The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture. Four volumes.
• Chatterjee, Satischandra; Datta, Dhirendramohan (1984), An Introduction to Indian Philosophy (Eighth Reprint ed.), Calcutta: University of Calcutta
• Chidbhavananda, Swami (1997), The Bhagavad Gita, Sri Ramakrishna Tapovanam
• Flood, Gavin, ed. (2003), The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., ISBN 1-4051-3251-5
• Gambhīrānanda, Swami (1986), Taittirīya Upaniṣad: With the Commentary of Śaṅkarācārya (Second ed.), Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama
• Gambhīrānanda, Swami (1997), Bhagavad Gītā: With the commentary of Śaṅkarācārya (Fourth Reprint ed.), Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama, ISBN 81-7505-041-1
• Karpātri, Swāmi (1979), Vedārtha-Pārijāta, Calcutta: Śri Rādhā krishna Dhanuka Prakāśan Sansthān Introduction by Pattābhirām Śāstri. Sanskrit and Hindi; Introduction has an English translation as well by Elliot M. Stern. Available from: Sañchālaka, Vedaśāstra Research Centre, Kedārghat, Vārānasi, India.
• Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1996), A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary, Adyar, India: Munshiram Monoharlal Publishers, ISBN 81-215-0715-4
• (Manusmriti) :Translation by G. Bühler (1886), Sacred Books of the East: The Laws of Manu (Vol. XXV), Oxford Available online as The Laws of Manu
• Monier-Williams, Monier (1899), A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, http://www.ibiblio.org/sripedia/ebooks/mw/.
• Pandey, Rajbali (1969), Hindu Saṁskāras: Socio-Religious Study of the Hindu Sacraments (Second Revised ed.), Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 81-208-0434-1
• Prabhavananda, Swami; Isherwood, Christopher (1953), How To Know God, Vedanta Press, ISBN 0-87481-041-8
• Radhakrishnan, S.; Moore, CA (1967), A Sourcebook in Indian Philosophy, Princeton, ISBN 0-691-01958-4, https://archive.org/details/sourcebookinindi00radh
• Śāstri, Hargovinda (1978), Amarkoṣa with Hindi commentary, Vārānasi: Chowkhambā Sanskrit Series Office
• Sontakke, N. S. (1972), Sontakke, N. S.; Rājvade, V. K., eds., Rgveda-Samhitā: Śrimat-Sāyanāchārya virachita-bhāṣya-sametā (First ed.), Pune: Vaidika Samśodhana Maṇḍala. The Editorial Board for the First Edition included N. S. Sontakke (Managing Editor), V. K. Rājvade, M. M. Vāsudevaśāstri, and T. S. Varadarājaśarmā. This work is entirely in Sanskrit.
• Taimni, I. K. (1961), The Science of Yoga, Adyar, India: The Theosophical Publishing House, ISBN 81-7059-212-7
• Winternitz, Maurice (1972), History of Indian Literature (Second revised reprint ed.), New Delhi: Oriental Books Reprint Corporation Two volumes. First published 1927 by the University of Calcutta.
• Zaehner, R. C. (1966), Hindu Scriptures, London: Everyman's Library
• Zaehner, R. C. (1969), The Bhagavad Gītā (Oxford Paperbacks ed.), London: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-501666-1