Utente:Smallpox/Economia della penuria
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Economia della penuria (dall'ungherese hiánygazdaság) è un termine coniato dall'economista ungherese János Kornai per ... [used to criticize] le economie pianificate degli stati comunisti dell'Europa orientale. In his article Economics of Shortage (1980), which is generally viewed as his most influential and best-known work, János Kornai argued that the chronic shortages seen throughout Eastern Europe in the late 1970s (and which continued during the 1980s) were not the consequences of planners’ errors or the wrong prices, but rather systemic flaws.
It is important to note that a shortage of a certain item does not necessarily mean that the item is not being produced; rather, it means that the amount of the good demanded exceeds the amount supplied at a given price. (See Supply and demand) This may be caused by a government enforced low price which encourages consumers to demand a higher amount than is supplied. Kornai, however, concentrates on the role of reduced supply, and argues that this was the underlying cause of Eastern European shortages during the 1980s.