Conseguì la laurea magistrale presso l'Università di Berlino nel 1874. Lavorò con Robert Koch dal 1879 al 1884 come assistente presso l'ufficio sanitario imperiale di Berlino. Nel 1884 divenne medico dello staff del Friedrich Wilhelm Institute di Berlino e quattro anni dopo divenne professore presso l'Università di Greifswald.
Bochalli R, Friedrich Loeffler, his life & works; on the occasion of 75th return of the anniversary of the discovery of the diphtheria bacillus., in Medizinische Monatsschrift, vol.13, n.1, January 1959, pp.59–62, PMID13632391.
Howard DH, Friedrich LOEFFLER and the Thessalian field mouse plague of 1892., in Jornal de historia da medicina, vol.18, July 1963, pp.272–81, PMID13955107.
Blencke B, In memory of Professor Friedrich Loeffler, in Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und ihre Grenzgebiete, vol.103, n.3, August 1967, pp.273–6, PMID4233465.
Hauck P, Opening address of the scientific festive colloquium commemorating the 125th birthday of Friedrich Loeffler on June 21st and 22d, 1977 in Greifswald, in Archiv für experimentelle Veterinärmedizin, vol.32, n.3, 1978, pp.311–2, PMID29591.
Hüller H, Berndt HG, Dittrich M, The work of Friedrich Loeffler in Greifswald, in Archiv für experimentelle Veterinärmedizin, vol.32, n.3, 1978, pp.313–8, PMID358941.
Bethge R, Knöfler EW, 30 years of the East Germany Orthopedic Society—in memory of its co-founder and 1st chairman Friedrich Loeffler, in Beiträge zur Orthopädie und Traumatologie, vol.30, n.5, May 1983, pp.233–6, PMID6349609.
Beer J, Friedrich Loeffler as a founder of virology, in Archiv für experimentelle Veterinärmedizin, vol.39, n.5, September 1985, pp.623–30, PMID3907574.
Mochmann H, Köhler W, Friedrich Loeffler (1852–1915)--his contributions to bacteriology and virology. In memory of the 75th anniversary of his death, in Zeitschrift für ärztliche Fortbildung, vol.84, n.8, 1990, pp.400–6, PMID2198709.
Wittmann W, Lafer EM, Friedrich Loeffler's way to the Isle of Riems near Greifswald, in Historia medicinae veterinariae, vol.27, 1–4, 2002, pp.217–30, PMID12506922.
