Ebe Mpaghara Na-ekpo ọkụ

Intertropical Convergence ( ITCZ ​​/ɪ tʃ / ITCH ), [1] nke ndị ụgbọ mmiri maara dị ka doldrums [2] ma ọ bụ egwu n'ihi ihu igwe na- ikuku, bụ mpaghara ugwu ntụ ntụ na ndị agha  ikike ikuku azụmahịa na-agbakọta.  Ɔ gbara ụwa gburugburu na nso thermal equator n'agbanyeghị na ọnọdụ ya na-agbanwe n'oge.  Mgbe ọ dị n'ụdị ala Equator, a na-akpọ ya ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nso-equatorial .  Ebe a na-ọtụtụ ITCZ ​​ma akụkụ ya na mgbasa ozi nke udu mmiri, a na-akpọ ya mgbe ụfọdụ ka mmiri mmiri mmiri, ojiji a na-emekarị na Australia na nso Eshia.

geographic region

nwere àgwà	Near-equatorial trough

Ebe Mpaghara Na-ekpo ọkụ

A na-ahụ ITCZ dị ka igwe ojii gbara gburugburu ụwa n'akụkụ Equator.

. ^[1]Achọpụtara ITCZ ​​site na 1920 ruo 1940 dị ka Intertropical Front ( ITF ), ma mgbe amarachara na 1940s na 1950 nke mkpa ikuku na-ekwe ihu igwe , okwu Intertropical Convergence Crystal ( ITCZ ​​) bụ.  wee tinye ya.

ITCZ na-ahụ dị ka igwe ojii, na-ahụ égbè , na-agba gburugburu ụwa n'boju Equator.  Na Northern Hemisphere, ifufe ahia na aga n'ebe ndị egwuregwu site n'ebe ugwu, ebe na Southern Hemisphere, ha na-aga n'ebe ugwu egwuregwu site na ndị na-eme egwuregwu.  ITCZ ​​edobere n'ebe ugwu ma ọ bụ onye nke Equator, ntụzịaka ndị a na-iche dị ka Coriolis si na ntụgharị nyere ụwa.  ihe atụ, mgbe ITCZ ​​dị n'ebe ugwu nke Equator, ifufe azụmahịa ndị na-amalite na agbanwe na ifufe ndị na-egosi ka ọ na-agafe Equator.  A na-ahụ ITCZ ​​site na kwụ otu nke na-ahụ dị ka ọrụ convective nke égbè na-akpa nke kpo oku ụfọdụ na- ụfọdụ, nke na- ikuku nke ọma;  ndị a bụ ifufe ahia.  [1] ITCZbụ onye na- ngalaba na-arrịgoro nke cell Hadley ma dị mmiri mmiri.  Ala akọrọ na-agbadata bụ latitudes inyinya

Ọnọdụ nke ITCZ ​​ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-adịgasị iche n'oge, dabara na ọnọdụ nke thermal equator.  Dị ka ike okpomọkụ nke oké osimiri dị ukwuu karịa ikuku n'elu ala, njem na-apụta ìhè n'elu ala.  N'elu oke osimiri, ebe a na-akọwapụta mpaghara convergence nke ọma, usoro oge a na-adị mfe karị, ebe ọ bụ na nkesa okpomọkụ na-egbochi convection.  Mgbe ụfọdụ, ụdị ITCZ ​​okpukpu abụọ, nke nwere otu dị n'ebe ugwu na nke ọzọ na ndịda nke Equator, otu n'ime ha na-adịkarị ike karịa nke ọzọ.  Mgbe nke a mere, a warara riiri nke elu nrụgide na-etolite n'etiti abụọ convergence zones.

^[2]Mgbanwe oge nke Intertropical Convergence (ITCZ), ikuku ikuku Congo (CAB), mmiri mmiri ozuzo, na ikuku elu n'elu Africa (nke sitere na Dezfuli 2017 na nche).  Atụmatụ a na-egosi na ITCZ ​​na mpaghara oke mmiri ozuzo nwere ike ikeekewa n'elu kọntinent

A na-akọwakarị ITCZ dị ka mpaghara equatorial ebe ikuku azụmahịa na-agbakọta. A na-ekwu na oge mmiri ozuzo na-adabere na njem mgbago ugwu-ndịda nke ITCZ, nke na-esote anyanwụ. Agbanyeghi na nke a bara uru n'osimiri equatorial, ITCZ na mpaghara oke mmiri ozuzo nwere ike ichikota na kọntinent. ^{[2] [3]} Mmiri mmiri ozuzo nke equatorial n'elu ala abụghị nanị nzaghachi maka naanị nchikota elu. Kama, a na-emegharị ya site na ọtụtụ atụmatụ mpaghara dị ka ụgbọ elu ikuku na ebili mmiri dị n'ime mpaghara, ịdị nso n'oké osimiri, sistemụ convective na-ebute ala, imegharị mmiri, na mgbanwe oghere nke mkpuchi ala na albedo. ^[2]

. ^[4]Ezinụlọ South Pacific convergence (SPCZ) bụ ntụgharị ntụgharị, ma ọ bụ mmalite ntụgharị, ma ọ bụ mmalite nke-north Afọ nke ruo n'ebe ihie ọmụmụ-ndịda-ọwụwa ndụ ndị ọnụ.  French Polynesia.  Ọ dị n'ebe ndịda nke equator n'oge akụ nke Southern Hemisphere, ma ọ nwere ike ịbụ ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-eje, na-eme ememe nke International Date Line .  A na-ewere ya dị ka mkpa mkpa na nke ozi mkpa nke ITCZ, ma nwee ike obi kacha nta na ikpo ọkụ sitere na ala dị nso n'oge ụmụaka ndị ọzọ ọ mgbasa ọzọ nke mmiri mmiri mmiri.  [1] Ndịda ITCZ ​​dị na ndị mụrụ egwuregwu Pacific na ndịda Atlantic, nke a maara dị ka SITCZ, na-eme n'oge ọmụmụ nke Southern Hemisphere n'etiti 3° na 10° n'ebe ndịda nke equator n'  ezinụlọ nke 140th meridian west longitude n'oge El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dị iche ma ọ bụ na-anọpụ iche.  ) ozi.  Mgbe ENSO rutere n'oge adị ya, nke a na-akpọ El Niño, ire nke dị elu nke oké osimiri na-enwe n'ihi na mpaghara South America na-ahụ n'anya, nke na-eme ka mpaghara a  na-akpata ọnụ na-azụkwa n'anya

Tropical cyclogenesis dabere na vorticity dị ala dị ka otu n'ime ihe isii, na ITCZ ​​na-e igwe ọrụ dị ka ọ bụ mpaghara mpaghara ikuku na ọsọ ọsọ, nke a na-akpọkwa ya dị ka shear ifufe .  Dị ka ITCZ ​​na-akwaga n'ebe nhọrọ na ebe egwu na egwu n'oge ndụ nke ụwa dị iche iche, ike Coriolis na- pia na-eme ka e nwee ike ike cyclones akụ n'ime mpaghara a.  Mmụba nke ndị dị elu site na latitudes dị elu nwere ike ike ọgba aghara calaamad n'ụdị axis ya.  [1] N'ebe ugwu Atlantik na n'ebe ugwu ndị Ireland, osimiri Pacific, ebili mmirika na-aga n'akwụkwọ axis nke ITCZ ​​na-eme ka ọrụ égbè ahụhụ na-akwụ, na-eke nke égbè mụrụ nwewe ike.  n'okpuru ike ikuku oku</link>^{[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]}

Na 2009, égbè dị n'ụdị Intertropical Convergence na-ekere òkè na mfu nke Air France Flight 447, nke na Rio de Janeiro – Galeão International Airport na Sunday 31 May, n'ihe dịka 7:00 ehihie obodo (6:  00 pm EDT ma ọ bụ 10:00 pm UTC ) na a iya anya na ọ ga-agbada n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Charles de Gaulle dị nso na Paris na ụlọ 1 June 2009, na 11:15 nkem (5:15 am EDT  ma ọ bụ 9:15 aha UTC).  [1] onye elu ahụ dara n'ahụ dị ndụ ka ọ na-efefe n'ọtụtụ nnukwu ifufe ITCZ, na ice na-akpụ ngwa ngwa na ihe ikuku bụ ihe na-ebute akpata nhụsianya nke mmejọ mmadụ nke mechaa mebie ụgbọ.  elu ahụ.  Ọtụtụ ụgbọ elu na-efe n'ụzọ ndị a na-enwe ike ịzenary sel convective buru ibu na-ihe ọ llaba.

^{[5] [6]}Dabere na proxies paleoclimate, ọnọdụ na ike nke ITCZ ​​dị iche iche n'oge ochie yana ike ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ .  N'oge ihe omume Heinrich n'ime 100 ikpeazụ ka, iwu ITCZ ​​na-aga na ndị dabara adaba na enyi nke cell Northern Hemisphere Hadley da iso na ndakpọ nke cell South Hemisphere Hadley.  ITCZ tụ n'ebe ugwu n'oge etiti-Holocene mana kwagara ndịda na-eso nke insolation n'oge ikpeazụ-Holocene kwupụta ọnọdụ ya ugbu a.  ITCZ enweela oge mkpirisi na mgbasawanye n'ime ike afụ gara aga.  [1] Mgbanwe nke ITCZ ​​na ndị na-amalite mgbe 1950s wee na-aga n'ihu na 1980 nwere ike iche ya na oyi nke ikuku ikuku na Northern Hemisphere na-adabere na isi sitere na ụdị ihu igwe ;  ntughari n'ebe ugwu egwu ka emechara ka ike mmanye dị na gradient na mkpụrụ dị n'etiti mpaghara ugwu na ndịda.  Mgbanwe ndị a na ọnọdụ ITCZ ​​nwere ike siri ike na ihu igwe;  dịka ọmụmaatụ, nchụpụ nke ITCZ ​​ike butere mmiri mmiri na Sahel na 1980s.

^[6]Ntugharị ikuku nwere ike alụwanye ike ma tinyekwuo uche n'etiti ITCZ ​​na nzaghachi na ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ n'ụwa nile, na-eme ka nke dị nno dị na mmiri ozuzo n'etiti isi ITCZ ​​(ebe a ga-eme ka  mmiri ozuzo elu) na ebe ya (ebe a ga-ahụ mmiri mmiri).  Nleba anya nke ikuku na -atụ aro na ITCZ ​​n'elu Pacific agbadatala ma gbasie ike nchebe opekata mpe 1979, na-abụ na data nke satịlaịtị ana mkpu na nha oke mmirika n'ime ọnọdụ.  A na-aghọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ITCZ ​​ndị nkụ nkụ na onye nke radieshon ogologo oge na-ebu apụ na mpaghara ndị ahụ, n'elu ala dị n'etiti etiti latitudes na subtropics .  A na- akarakwa egbochi a na saịtị ITCZ ​​na ịba salinity dị n'ime Atlantic na Pacific n'okpuru akara ITCZ ​​na ibelata salinity dị n'okpuru eriri etiti nke ITCZ.  Akuko nyocha nke isii nke IPCC gosiputara "nkwe nwoke nke etiti" site na mkpagbu ikesi ike na imechi nke ITCZ ​​n'ihi odi ihu igwe anthropogenic.

. ^[6]Obere ụfọdụ bụ mpaghara na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ na ọnọdụ ITCZ ​​n'ihi ìhè ihu igwe, yana data paleoclimate na ihe ngosi ihe ngosi na- ụrọ dị iche iche sitere na asymmetries na mmanye site na ikuku ikuku, ọrụ voclanic, na ike  orbital, yana ejighị n'aka nke ike na udu mmiri .  na mgbasa meridional nke Atlantic .  Ihe ngosi ihu igwe na-agba ọsọ dị ka ụzọ nke Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) egosighi nchụpụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ITCZ ​​n'okpuru iwu igwe mmadụ.  N'ụzọ dị iche, ọtụtụ n'ime otu ịme anwansị ahụ na-egosi mbelata na okpuru ọchịchị n'okpuru otu ọnọdụ.  mmemme, ịme anwansị dị na Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) egosila ka ukwuu maka ngwaahịa mpaghara nke ITCZ ​​na nzaghachi maka ihi igwe mmadụ, ling mgbapụ n'ebe ugwu n'Oké mgbụsị akwụkwọ India na n'ebe ihe merenụ.  Afrịka na mgbapụ na ndịda n'ebe egwuregwu Pacific.  na oke osimiri Atlantic

Akọwara nke ọma n'ọgba ahụ na abụ Samuel Taylor Coleridge bụ The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798) ma na-elo ihe atụ maka nke akara ngosi na ngwaọrụ nke Milo, nwa dike nke Norton Juster 's classic children's novel.  The Phantom Tollbooth.  A na-akpọkwa ya n'akwụkwọ Ikuku, Aja na akwụkwọ.

Ntụaka

1. Barry, Roger Graham (1992). Atmosphere, weather, and climate. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-07760-6. OCLC 249331900. “Atmosphere, weather, and climate.”
2. Dezfuli (2017-03-29). "Climate of Western and Central Equatorial Africa" (in en). Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. DOI:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.511.
3. Nicholson (February 2018). "The ITCZ and the Seasonal Cycle over Equatorial Africa". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99 (2): 337–348. DOI:10.1175/bams-d-16-0287.1. ISSN 0003-0007.
4. Semyon A. Grodsky (2003-02-15). The Intertropical Convergence Zone in the South Atlantic and the Equatorial Cold Tongue. University of Maryland, College Park. Retrieved on 2009-06-05.
5. Eyring (2021). "Human Influence on the Climate System", in Masson-Delmotte: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (in en). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 423–551. Retrieved on 18 January 2023.
6. Douville (2021). "Human Influence on the Climate System", in Masson-Delmotte: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (in en). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1055–1210. Retrieved on 18 January 2023.Douville, Hervé; Raghavan, Krishnan; Renwick, James; et al. (2021). "Human Influence on the Climate System". In Masson-Delmotte, Valerie; Zhai, Panmao (eds.). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (PDF). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1055–1210. Retrieved 18 January 2023.