Arhuaco, nke a maara dị ka (Arhuaco: Ikʉ), bụ asụsụ Ụmụ amaala America nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Chibchan, nke Ndị Arhuaco na-asụ na South America.
nwere ndị na-asụ asụsụ 8,000, ha niile nọ na mpaghara Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta nke Colombia, 90% n'ime ha bụ ndị na-ekwu otu asụsụ. Ịgụ na ide bụ 1 ruo 5% n'asụsụ ha. Ụfọdụ [3]-asụ Spanish, na 15 ruo 25% bụ ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ n'asụsụ enyemaka ahụ. Ndị ọrụ ahụ nwere ọdịbendị ọdịnala siri ike [3] jiri ire ha mee ihe nke ọma.
makwaara ya dị ka: Aruaco, Bintuk, Bíntukua, Bintucua, Ica, Ijca, Ijka, Ika, na Ike.
Asụsụ ahụ na-eji usoro ahịrịokwu isiokwu-ihe-okwu (SOV).
Ọmụmụ ụdaolu
N'ihu | Central | Ịlaghachi azụ | |
---|---|---|---|
N'akụkụ | i-agụnye__ibo__ Ihe omuma aỌdịdị | N'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adịN'ihi ya, ọ bụỌdịdị | u bụ na-agụ__ibo__ Akwụkwọ bụ̣̣́ nke a na-akpọ "Spanish"Ọdịdị |
N'etiti | na-agụnye__ibo__ Ihe omuma aỌdịdị | ə'ihi ya, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ ga-adịNa-ekwu maka yaỌdịdị | o-adịNkọwaỌdịdị |
Emeghe | n'ihi yaIhe omuma di icheỌdịdị |
/ə/ na-ebuli elu ma jikọta ya na /ɨ/ okwu n'ikpeazụ.
Asụsụ a na-edebanye aha ụdaume iri na asaa:
Ọdịdị nke ụdaume
Ewezuga ụfọdụ, mkpụrụedemede Arhuaco nwere ike ịmalite site na ụdaume abụọ (nke abụọ n'ime ha ga-abụ glide /w j/) ma nwee ike mechie ya site na otu n'ime ụdaume ndị a: /ʔ n r w j/.
Prosody
Mmetụta Arhuaco na-adaba na nkeji okwu nke abụọ, na nrụgide nke abụọ na-eme na nkeji okwu ọ bụla bu ụzọ, n'ihe gbasara okwu ndị toro ogologo (dịka /ˌunkəˈsia / 'mkpịsị aka nchebe'). [4] E nwere ụfọdụ affixes na enclitics ndị bụ extrametrical ma ghara ịgụ dị ka mkpụrụedemede maka ọrụ nrụgide.
Ọdịdị
Aha nnọchiaha
onye | otu | ọtụtụ |
---|---|---|
Nke Mbụ | nən | niβi |
Nke abụọ | ma | miβi |
Nke atọ | a | Ijiknaʔ |
(1985, 34) depụtara nnọchiaha onwe onye isii maka Arhuaco, na otu na ọtụtụ nọmba maka onye mbụ, nke abụọ, na nke atọ ma kwuo na ha "anaghị apụta ugboro ugboro na ederede; ha na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ na ọnọdụ isiokwu, na-adịkarịghị na ọnọdụ ihe, na ọtụtụ mgbe dị ka ihe nke nnọchianya".
[5][6]'ụzọ a na-adịghị ahụkebe, akara onye na ngwaa Arhuaco agbanweela ka ọ bụrụ ụzọ dị irè iji akara epistemic modality ma ọ bụ evidentiality.
Edensibia
Frank, Paul 1985. Asụsụ nke Ika. Akwụkwọ edemede PhD. Mahadum Pennsylvania.
Frank, Paul 2000. Okwu Ika. Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 2000. Asụsụ Ika. n'asụsụ ụmụ amaala nke Colombia: Otu ọhụụ nkọwa. Bogota: Instituto Caro y Cuervo.
Ihe edeturu
Njikọ mpụga
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