Gambar tengkorak seorang Georgia oleh Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, yang digunakan sebagai arketipe karakteristik rasial ras Kaukasoid dalam bukunya tahun 1795 De Generis Humani Varietate
Pakar genetika asal Itali Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza telah membuktikan bahwa mengelompokkan manusia dalam jenis-jenis "ras" adalah suatu usaha yang sia-sia. Dengan demikian, dari segi biologi, istilah seperti "ras Kaukasoid" dan pada umumnya, "ras manusia", tidak dianggap lagi. Fenotipe seseorang hanya ditentukan oleh sejumlah kecil gen. Secara biologis, hanya ada satu ras manusia modern, yaitu Homo sapiens.
For a contrast with the "Mongolic" or Mongoloid race, see footnote #4 of page 58–59 in Beckwith, Christopher. (2009). Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2.
The Races of Europe by Carlton Stevens Coon. From Chapter XI: The Mediterranean World - Introduction: "This third racial zone stretches from Spain across the Straits of Gibraltar to Morocco, and thence along the southern Mediterranean shores into Arabia, East Africa, Mesopotamia, and the Persian highlands; and across Afghanistan into India."
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, On the Natural Varieties of Mankind (1775) — the book that introduced the concept
Gould, Stephen Jay (1981). The mismeasure of man. New York: Norton. ISBN0-393-01489-4. — a history of the pseudoscience of race, skull measurements, and IQ inheritability
Piazza, Alberto; Cavalli-Sforza, L. L.; Menozzi, Paolo (1996). The history and geography of human genes. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. ISBN0-691-02905-9.Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link) — a major reference of modern population genetics
Cavalli-Sforza, LL (2000). Genes, peoples and languages. London: Allen Lane. ISBN0-7139-9486-X.
Augstein, HF (1999). "From the Land of the Bible to the Caucasus and Beyond". Dalam Harris, Bernard; Ernst, Waltraud. Race, science and medicine, 1700–1960. New York: Routledge. hlm.58–79. ISBN0-415-18152-6.Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: editors list (link)
Guthrie, Paul (1999). The Making of the Whiteman: From the Original Man to the Whiteman. Chicago, IL: Research Associates School Times. ISBN0-948390-49-2.