Al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda (pengucapan bahasa Inggris: [ælˈkaɪdə] atau [ælˈkeɪdə]; bahasa Arab: القاعدة, translit. al-qāʿidah, har. 'kaidah, fondasi atau dasar') adalah suatu organisasi paramiliter jihad yang salah satu tujuan utamanya adalah mengurangi pengaruh luar terhadap kepentingan Islam. Al-Qaeda ini adalah organisasi teroris internasional oleh Amerika Serikat, Israel, Palestina, PBB, Uni Eropa, Britania Raya, Kanada, Uni Emirat Arab, Jepang, Korea Selatan, India, Australia, Arab Saudi, Rusia, Tiongkok, Indonesia, dan beberapa negara lain.

Al-Qa'idah القاعدة
Bendera hitam yang digunakan oleh berbagai faksi al-Qaeda
Pemimpin	Osama bin Laden (1988–2011) Ayman al-Zawahiri (2011–2022)
Waktu operasi	1988–Sekarang
Kelompok	[1][2][3] Qutbisme[4] Pan Islamisme[5][6][7][8][9]
Wilayah operasi	Seluruh dunia (mayoritas di Timur Tengah)
Sekutu	Taliban Gerakan Islam Uzbekistan Gerakan Islam Turkestan Timur Al-Shabaab Jundallah (Pakistan) Lashkar-e-Taiba Jaish-e-Mohammed Jemaah Islamiyah Boko Haram Abu Sayyaf Keamiran Kaukasus [10][11]
Lawan	Amerika Serikat  Pakistan Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara Pasukan Bantuan Keamanan Internasional Qatar  Irak  Suriah  Iran  Afganistan  Turki  Yaman  Indonesia  Mesir  Aljazair Hizbullah[12] Negara Islam Irak dan Syam
Pertempuran dan perang	Perang Dunia atas Konflik proksi Iran–Arab Saudi Konflik proksi Israel–Iran Terorisme, Perang Afganistan, Perang Irak, dan Musim Semi Arab

Al Qaeda didirikan dan dibentuk oleh Osama Bin Laden , Abdullah Azzam, dan beberapa sukarelawan Arab lainnya dengan tujuan menggalang kekuatan.

Referensi

1. Moghadam, Assaf (2008). The Globalization of Martyrdom: Al Qaeda, and the Diffusion of Suicide Attacks. Johns Hopkins University. hlm. 48. ISBN 978-0-8018-9055-0.
2. Livesey, Bruce (January 25, 2005). "Special Reports&nbs; Al Qaeda's New Front". PBS Frontline. WGBH educational foundation. Diakses tanggal October 18, 2011.
3. Geltzer, Joshua A. (2011). US Counter-Terrorism Strategy and al-Qaeda: Signalling and the Terrorist World-View (edisi ke-Reprint). Routledge. hlm. 83. ISBN 978-0415664523.
4. Wright, Looming Tower, 2006, p. 79
5. "The Future of Terrorism: What al-Qaida Really Wants". Der Spiegel. September 11, 2001. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal March 7, 2012. Diakses tanggal October 18, 2011.
6. "Al-Qaeda seeks global dominance". The Daily Telegraph. London. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal January 12, 2012. Diarsipkan 2012-01-12 di Wayback Machine.
7. "Jihadists Want Global Caliphate". ThePolitic.com. July 27, 2005. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-09-30. Diakses tanggal October 18, 2011.
8. Pike, John. "Al-Qaida". Globalsecurity.org. Diakses tanggal October 18, 2011.
9. Burke, Jason (March 21, 2004). "What exactly does al-Qaeda want?". The Guardian. London.
10. Khalaf, Rhoula. "How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution". FT Magazine. Diakses tanggal February 5, 2014.
11. Thompson, Mark. "Africa - Is Qatar fuelling the crisis in north Mali?". France 24. Diakses tanggal 29 April 2014.
12. Mortada, Radwan (19 May 2014). "Hezbollah fighters and the "jihadis:" Mad, drugged, homicidal, and hungry". al-Akhbar English. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-07-07. Diakses tanggal 9 June 2014.

Lihat pula

• Osama bin Laden

Bacaan lanjutan

Bibliography

• Atran, Scott (2010). Talking to the Enemy: Faith, Brotherhood, and the (un)making of Terrorists. New York: Ecco Press. ISBN 978-0-06-134490-9.
• Atwan, Abdel Bari (2006). The Secret History of al Qaeda. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24974-5.
• Basile, Mark (May 2004). "Going to the Source: Why Al Qaeda's Financial Network Is Likely to Withstand the Current War on Terrorist Financing". Studies in Conflict and Terrorism. 27 (3): 169–185. doi:10.1080/10576100490438237.
• Benjamin, Daniel; Simon, Steven (2002). The Age of Sacred Terror (edisi ke-1st). New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50859-7.
• Bergen, Peter (2001). Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden (edisi ke-1st). New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-3495-2.
• Bergen, Peter (2006). The Osama bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of al Qaeda's Leader (edisi ke-2nd). New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-7892-5.
• Bergen, Peter; Cruickshank, Paul (June 11, 2008). "The Unraveling: The jihadist revolt against bin Laden". The New Republic. 238 (10). hlm. 16–21. Diakses tanggal May 4, 2011.
• Bergen, Peter (2011). The Longest War: The Enduring Conflict between America and al-Qaeda. New York: Free Press. ISBN 978-0-7432-7893-5.
• Bin Laden, Osama (2005). Lawrence, Bruce, ed. Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama bin Laden. London: Verso. ISBN 1-84467-045-7.
• Cassidy, Robert M. (2006). Counterinsurgency and the Global War on Terror: Military Culture and Irregular War. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International. ISBN 0-275-98990-9.
• Coll, Steve (2005). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (edisi ke-2nd). New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-303466-9.
• Esposito, John L. (2002). Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515435-5.
• Gunaratna, Rohan (2002). Inside Al Qaeda (edisi ke-1st). London: C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 1-85065-671-1.
• Hafez, Mohammed M. (March 2007). "Martyrdom Mythology in Iraq: How Jihadists Frame Suicide Terrorism in Videos and Biographies". Terrorism and Political Violence. 19 (1): 95–115. doi:10.1080/09546550601054873.
• Hoffman, Bruce (2002). "The Emergence of the New Terrorism". Dalam Tan, Andrew; Ramakrishna, Kumar. The New Terrorism: Anatomy, Trends, and Counter-Strategies. Singapore: Eastern Universities Press. hlm. 30–49. ISBN 981-210-210-8.
• Jansen, Johannes J.G. (1997). The Dual Nature of Islamic Fundamentalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3338-X.
• McGeary, Johanna (February 19, 2001). "A Traitor's Tale". TIME. 157 (7). hlm. 36–37. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-02-09. Diakses tanggal September 15, 2009. Diarsipkan 2009-02-09 di Wayback Machine.
• Napoleoni, Loretta (2003). Modern Jihad: Tracing the Dollars Behind the Terror Networks. London: Pluto Press. ISBN 0-7453-2117-8.
• Qutb, Sayyid (2003). Milestones. Chicago: Kazi Publications. ISBN 0-911119-42-6.
• Rashid, Ahmed (2002) [2000]. Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 1-86064-830-4.
• Reeve, Simon (1999). The New Jackals: Ramzi Yousef, Osama Bin Laden and the Future of Terrorism. Boston: Northeastern University Press. ISBN 1-55553-407-4.
• Riedel, Bruce (2008). The Search for al Qaeda: Its Leadership, Ideology, and Future. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-7414-3.
• Sageman, Marc (2004). Understanding Terror Networks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3808-7.
• Trofimov, Yaroslav (2006). Faith At War: A Journey On the Frontlines of Islam, From Baghdad to Timbuktu. New York: Picador. ISBN 978-0-8050-7754-4.
• Wechsler, William F. (2001). "Strangling The Hydra: Targeting Al Qaeda's Finances". Dalam Hoge, James; Rose, Gideon. How Did This Happen? Terrorism and the New War. New York: PublicAffairs. hlm. 129–143. ISBN 1-58648-130-4.
• Wright, Lawrence (2006). The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41486-X.
• Wright, Lawrence (June 2, 2008). "The Rebellion Within". The New Yorker. 84 (16). hlm. 36–53. Diakses tanggal September 15, 2009.

Reviews

• Akacem, Mohammed (August 2005). "Review: Modern Jihad: Tracing the Dollars behind the Terror Networks". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 37 (3): 444–445. doi:10.1017/S0020743805362143.
• Bale, Jeffrey M. (October 2006). "Deciphering Islamism and Terrorism". Middle East Journal. 60 (4): 777–788.

Government reports

• Kronstadt, K. Allen; Katzman, Kenneth (November 2008). "Islamist Militancy in the Pakistan-Afghanistan Border Region and U.S. Policy" (PDF). U.S. Congressional Research Service.
• Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives (July 18, 2013). "Global Al-Qaeda: Affiliates, Objectives, and Future Challenges" (PDF). United States Government Printing Office. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 22, 2013.Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
• White House (September 2003). "Progress Report on the Global War on Terrorism". United States Department of State. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2003-09-22. Diakses tanggal 2014-01-18.

Pranala luar

• U.S. Dept. of Justice, Al Qaeda Training Manual di www.usdoj.gov Galat: URL arsip tidak dikenal (diarsipkan tanggal 20050331091340)
• Al-Qaeda in Oxford Islamic Studies Online
• Decade After 9/11, Al-Qaeda in Shambles
• 17 de-classified documents captured during the Abbottabad raid and released to the Combating Terrorism Center Diarsipkan 2012-05-05 di Wayback Machine.
• Bin Laden documents at a glance

Media

• Peter Taylor. (2007). "War on the West". Age of Terror, No. 4, series 1. BBC.
• Investigating Al-Qaeda, BBC News
• Adam Curtis (2004). The Power of Nightmares. BBC.
• Al Qaeda's New Front from PBS Frontline, January 2005
• Inside al Qaeda – video report by National Geographic