Un carbohydrato o hydrato de carbon es un composito organic con le formula empiric Cm(H2O)n (ubi m pote esser differente ab n); que es, consiste solmente de carbon, hydrogeno, e oxygeno, con un ration de atomos de hydrogeno a oxygeno de 2:1 (como in aqua). Carbohydratos pote esser vidite como hydratos de carbon, in consequentia de lor nomine. Structuralmente, totevia, il es plus exacte de vider los como polyhydroxy aldehydes e cetonas.
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| parte de: [[carbohydrate binding, carbohydrate metabolic process, response to carbohydrate, carbohydrate biosynthetic process, carbohydrate catabolic process, cellular response to carbohydrate stimulus, carbohydrate transmembrane transport, ABC-type carbohydrate transporter activity, carbohydrate:proton symporter activity, carbohydrate:cation symporter activity, carbohydrate transport, carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activity, carbohydrate export, carbohydrate import across plasma membrane, carbohydrate homeostasis]] |
| Commons: Carbohydrates |
| categoria principal: Categoria:Carbohydratos |
Le termino es le plus commun in le biochimia, ubi illo es un synonymo de saccharido. Le carbohydratos (saccharidos) es dividite in 4 gruppos chimic: monosaccharidos, disaccharidos, oligosaccharidos, e polysaccharidos. Generalmente, le monosaccharidos e disaccharidos, que es plus parve (plus basse peso molecular) carbohydratos, es communmente referite como sucros. [1] Le parola saccharido es derivate ab le grec sákkharon, que significa "sucro". Ben que le nomenclatura scientific del carbohydratos es complexe, le nomines del monosaccharidos e disaccharidos saepe fini in le suffixo -osa. Pro exemplo, sucro sanguinee es le monosaccharido glucosa, sucro del tabula es le disaccharido sucrosa, e sucro lactic es le disaccharido lactosa (vide illustration).
Carbohydratos exeque rolos numerose in organismos vivente. Polysaccharidos servi pro le immagazinage de energia (tal como fecula e glycogeno), e como componentes structural (pro exemplo, cellulosa in plantas e chitina in arthropodos e fungos). Le 5-carbon monosaccharido ribosa es un componente importante de coenzymas (tal como, ATP, FAD, e NAD) e le spina del molecula genetic cognoscite como RNA. Le relate deoxyribosa es un componente de ADN. Saccharidos e lor derivativos include multe altere importante biomoleculas que exeque rolos importante in le systema immunitari, fertilisation, impedir del pathogenesis, coagulation sanguinee, e in le disveloppamento. [2]
In le scientia del alimentos e in multe contextos non-formal, le termino carbohydrato saepe significa alicun alimento que es particularmente ric in le complexe carbohydrato fecula (tal como cereales, pan, e pasta) o simple carbohydratos, tal como sucro (trovate in confectos, confecturas, e desserts).
Vide etiam
Referentias
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