शताब्दी से ही अमेरिका में आए थे। जिसमें अटलांटिक दास व्यापार (Atlantic slavetrade) भी शामिल था। पेरिप्लानेटा अमेरिकाना को 1625 की शुरुआत में अफ़्रीका (जो
Digital History The West African Squadron and slavetrade British documents on slave holding and the slavetrade, 1788-1793 (DjVu) and layered PDFपीडीऍफ (a
978-1-4422-1019-6, ... The slaveowner James Madison advocated prohibiting the slavetrade consistent with his view of slavery as a “deep-rooted abuse” ... His
से 23 फ़रवरी 2017 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 25 मई 2022. Focus on the slavetrade, in BBC News. The persistence of history, in The Economist "Saudi Arabia"
British East India Company and their Involvement in the East Indian SlaveTrade". SLIS Connecting. 7 (1): 53–59. आइ॰एस॰एस॰एन॰ 2330-2917. डीओआइ:10.18785/slis