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विकिपीडिया से, मुक्त विश्वकोश
युनेस्को (युनेस्को) विश्व धरोहर स्थल, उन सांस्कृतिक अथवा प्राकृतिक महत्व के स्थलों को कहा जाता है जो १९७२ में स्थापित यूनेस्को विश्व विरासत सम्मेलन में वर्णित व्यवस्था के अनुसार होते हैं।[1] ब्राज़ील ने इस परम्परा को सितम्बर १, १९७७ में स्वीकार किया तथा इसके बाद यहाँ के विभिन्न स्थलों को भी इस सूची के योग्य स्वीकार किया गया।[2]
ब्राज़ील के स्थलों को पहली बार १९८० में पेरिस में हुयी विश्व धरोहर समिति के चौथे सत्र में शामिल किया गया। उस सत्र में एक स्थल को जोड़ा गया: द "औरो प्रेटो का ऐतिहासिक नगर"।[3] जुलाई २०१४ तक ब्राज़ील कुल १९ स्थानों को इस सूची में जोड़ा जा चुका है। इनमें से एक स्थल को अन्य देशों के साथ साझा किया गया है: "गुयारनिस के जेसुइट मिशन" को अर्जेंटीना के साथ। ब्राज़ील में सात विरासत स्थल प्राकृतिक प्रकार के तथा अन्य सभी सांस्कृतिक प्रकार का है।[2]
सभी विरासत स्थलों के बारें में सूचना सारणी निम्न प्रकार है:
यह सम्पूर्ण पृष्ठ या इसके कुछ अनुभाग हिन्दी के अतिरिक्त अन्य भाषा(ओं) में भी लिखे गए हैं। आप इनका करके विकिपीडिया की सहायता कर सकते हैं। |
██ * सीमा-पार स्थल
स्थल | चित्र | स्थिति | क्षेत्रफल हैक्टेयर (एकड़) |
यूनेस्को आँकड़े | विवरण |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
अटलांटिक दक्षिण-पूर्व आरक्षित वन | पाराना, साओ पाउलो और रियो द जानेरो राज्य,![]() 24°10′S 48°0′W |
468,193 (1,156,930); मध्यवर्ती क्षेत्र 1,223,557 (3,023,480) | 893; 1999; vii, ix, x | इस स्थल पर अन्तिम बचे हुये अटलांटिक वन के तथा विविधता वाली बची हुई अन्तिम प्रजातियाँ पायी जाती हैं। यह वैज्ञानिकों और सरंक्षकों के लिए प्रमुख रूचि का विषय है।[4] | |
ब्रासीलिया | ![]() |
Federal District,![]() 15°47′S 47°54′W |
— | 445; 1987; i, iv | Planned and developed by Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer in 1956, Brasília was created ex nihilo in order to move the capital from Rio de Janeiro to a more central position. Together with Chandigarh in India it is the only place where Corbusier's design principles of urbanism have been applied on large scale.[5] |
Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves | ![]() |
Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte,![]() 3°51′29″S 32°25′30″W |
42,270 (104,500); buffer zone 140,713 (347,710) | 1000; 2001; vii, ix, x | As one of the few insular habitats in the South Atlantic, the site is essential as feeding ground and reproduction space for marine organisms including endangered and threatened species, most notably the hawksbill sea turtle.[6] |
Central Amazon Conservation Complex | ![]() |
State of Amazonas,![]() 2°20′0″S 62°0′30″W |
5,323,018 (13,153,460) | 998; 2000; [nb 1] ix, x |
As the largest protected area in the Amazon basin, the site is notable for its high biodiversity, range of habitats such as várzea and igapó forests and number of endangered species. It has been recognized by various conservation agencies as a high priority region.[nb 2][7] [8] |
Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks | ![]() |
Central Brazil Plateau, State of Goiás,![]() 14°0′20″S 47°41′5″W |
367,356 (907,760) | 1035; 2001; ix, x | The two parks are characteristic of the cerrado, one of the world's oldest tropical ecosystems and an important refuge for species in times of climate change.[9] |
Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves | ![]() |
Atlantic Coast, Bahia and Espírito Santo states,![]() 16°30′S 39°15′W |
111,930 (276,600) | 892; 1999; ix, x | The site comprises some of the last remaining Atlantic Forests and shows a very high diversity with many rare and endemic species. As such it is of high interest both for scientists and for conservation.[10] |
Historic Centre of Salvador de Bahia | ![]() |
Bahia state,![]() 12°58′0″S 38°30′0″W |
— | 309; 1985; iv, vi | The colonial old town of the first Brazilian capital and town of the first slave market in the New World, has preserved a large number of brightly colored Renaissance houses decorated with stucco work from the 16th to 18th centuries.[11] |
Historic Centre of São Luís | Maranhão state,![]() 2°30′51″S 44°18′9″W |
— | 821; 1997; iii, iv, v | São Luís has preserved the complete rectangular town plan and a large number of historical buildings making it a prime example of a Portuguese colonial town.[12] | |
Historic Centre of the Town of Diamantina | ![]() |
Minas Gerais,![]() 18°40′0″S 43°36′0″W |
29 (72) | 890; 1999; ii, iv | A well-preserved example of Baroque architecture, this 18th-century colonial town was founded in an inhospitable environment of rocky mountains and became a center of diamond mining in the 18th and 19th centuries.[13] |
Historic Centre of the Town of Goiás | ![]() |
Goiás,![]() 15°56′0″S 50°8′0″W |
40 (99); buffer zone 44 (110) | 993; 2001; ii, iv | Founded in 1727 by the bandeirante explorer Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva, Goiás has preserved much of its colonial heritage and is an example of a European settlement in the interior of South America.[14] |
Historic Centre of the Town of Olinda | ![]() |
Pernambuco,![]() 8°0′48″S 34°50′42″W |
120 (300); buffer zone 920 (2,300) | 189; 1982; ii, iv | Founded in 1537 the town prospered as a centre of sugar-cane production. Following looting by the Dutch in the 17th century, the historic centre dates largely to the 18th century with a harmonious combination of buildings, gardens, churches, convents and chapels.[15] |
Historic Town of Ouro Preto | ![]() |
Minas Gerais,![]() 20°23′20″S 43°30′20″W |
— | 124; 1980; i, iii | The prosperity of the town as the center of the Brazilian gold rush in the 18th century is reflected in a large number of preserved churches, bridges and fountains many of them designed by the Baroque sculptor Aleijadinho.[16] |
Iguaçu National Park | ![]() |
Paraná,![]() 25°41′S 54°26′W |
170,086 (420,290) | 355; 1986; vii, x | Together with Iguazú National Park on the Argentinian side, the park protects Iguazu Falls, one of the world's largest waterfalls, and is home to many rare and endangered species such as giant anteater or the giant otter. The site had been listed as endangered 1999–2001 due to an illegally opened road through the park, dams on the Iguazu River and helicopter flights.[17] |
Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis: San Ignacio Miní, Santa Ana, Nuestra Señora de Loreto and Santa María Mayor (Argentina), Ruins of São Miguel das Missões (Brazil) | ![]() |
Misiones Province, ![]() ![]() 28°32′36″S 54°15′57″W |
— | 275; 1983;[nb 3] iv | Each of the five ruined Spanish Jesuit missions founded amidst a tropical forest in the land of the Guaraní people in the 17th and 18th centuries is characterized by a specific design.[18] [19] |
Pantanal Conservation Area | ![]() |
Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso,![]() 17°43′S 57°23′W |
187,818 (464,110) | 999; 2000; vii, ix, x | [20] |
Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes Between the Mountain and the Sea | Rio de Janeiro,![]() 22°56′52″S 43°17′29″W |
7,249 (17,910); buffer zone 8,621 (21,300) | 1100; 2012; vi | The listed site consists of an exceptional urban setting rather than built heritage. It encompasses the key natural elements that have shaped and inspired the development of the city: from the highest points of the Tijuca National Park’s mountains down to the sea. They also include the Botanical Gardens, established in 1808, Corcovado Mountain with its celebrated statue of Christ and the hills around Guanabara Bay, including the extensive designed landscapes along Copacabana Bay which have contributed to the outdoor living culture of this spectacular city. Rio de Janeiro is also recognized for the artistic inspiration it has provided to musicians, landscapers and urbanists.[21] | |
Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas | ![]() |
Congonhas, Minas Gerais,![]() 20°29′59″S 43°51′28″W |
— | 334; 1985; i, iv | [22] |
São Francisco Square in the Town of São Cristóvão | ![]() |
São Cristóvão, Sergipe,![]() 11°0′58″S 37°12′36″W |
3.00 (7.4); buffer zone 2,500 (6,200) | 1272; 2010; ii, iv | [23] |
Serra da Capivara National Park | Piauí,![]() 8°25′0″S 42°20′0″W |
— | 606; 1991; iii | [24] |
विश्व धरोहर सूची द्वारा चिह्नित सूची के अतिरिक्त सदस्य देश एक अन्य अंतरिम स्थलों की सूची भी तैयार कर सकते हैं जिसको धरोहर सूची के लिए नामांकित किया जा सकता है। विश्व धरोहर स्थलों की सूची के लिए नामांकन तभी स्वीकार किये जाते हैं यदि इन्हें अंतरिम सूची में रखा गया हो।[25] वर्ष २०१५ तक, ब्राज़ील में २४ स्थल अंतरिम सूची में शामिल हैं। अंतरिम सूची में शामिल स्थलों की दिनांकित सूची निम्न प्रकार है:[2]
यह सम्पूर्ण पृष्ठ या इसके कुछ अनुभाग हिन्दी के अतिरिक्त अन्य भाषा(ओं) में भी लिखे गए हैं। आप इनका करके विकिपीडिया की सहायता कर सकते हैं। |
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